Religious liberty in the independent Ukraine caused the return of prohibited Churches and the emergence of new ones, reconstruction and construction of thousands of temples. Communist authorities destroyed approximately 10 thousand temples in Ukraine, places of which were built up; and in Master Plans of the cities of the Soviet period, no territories were envisaged for religious objects. Today, construction of temples requires understanding of the experience and search for territories for new sacred objects. Now you need to go back to the origins and update the understanding of the phenomenon of the sacred in architecture, based on philosophical, artistic and intellectual achievements of modern thought, artistic and religious consciousness.
The aim of the work is to study the phenomenon of the sacred in the development of cities and territories.
The goal of the study includes cities and territories, and the subject of the study is the phenomenon of the sacred as a factor in the development of cities and territories.
Scientific novelty of the obtained results of the study consists of the following provisions: phenomenon of the sacred is considered as a factor in the development of cities and territories at all stages of the set of design and planning works, as well as in the process of studying temples (sacred buildings); functional and planning structure of urban objects – sacred areas and buildings – is considered from the perspective of the evolution of philosophical and theological views on the problems of research of architectural and urban living environment of an individual and the society; were uncovered forms of manifestation of the sacred in the development and layout of cities, in the structure of the Christian church and personal revelation of the creator, which revealed the sacredness of different spatial objects; a model of the sacred object was built in the professional mind on the architect; methodological basis for the study of the phenomenon of the sacred in the spiritual exploration of space by a person was laid, and the systemic nature of a temple in the interaction of mystical, sensual and rational sides was identified, which allowed us to expand the concept of an architectural object and introduce new provisions to the theory of architecture and urban planning; the experience of the modern Ukrainian building of temples was generalizes, tendencies were brought out, and architectural and urban planning principles of the formation of sacred areas and objects in the planning and spatial structure of cities were formulated.
Theoretical significance of the work lies in the discovered ideological and philosophical, theological, architectural and artistic foundations and forms of manifestation of the phenomenon of the sacred and formulated principles of its spatial representation in the structure of cities, and in the scientific and theoretical rehabilitation and the return of the most important object in the history of the spiritual exploration of the environment by man — building of temples and spiritual areas of citied — to the theory and practice of architecture and urban planning.
Practical significance of the obtained results of the work lies in the expediency of the use of its conclusions: for further scientific research in architecture and urban planning; in the practice of building temples and urban design; in architectural education; in the management activities in the field of architecture and urban planning.
Phenomenon of the sacred was determined in the thesis based on the discovered historical, philosophical and theological prerequisites, and its role and significance as a factor in the development of cities and territories at all stages of the set of design, planning and research works was found. Sacred areas and buildings were studied as urban objects functional, layout and semantic structure of which is considered from the perspective of the evolution of philosophical and theological views on the problems of research of architectural and urban living environment of an individual and the society.
Were uncovered the image, nature and forms of manifestation of the sacred in the development and layout of cities, in the structure of the Christian church and in the personal revelation of the creator, which allowed us to reveal the sacredness of spatial objects that differ in hierarchy and to build a model of the sacred object in the professional mind of an architect. The study of the genesis of man's ideas of the world allowed us to determine stages of the development of the sacred in the categories of space and to determine types of spiritual space and cities – mythological, religious, rational, scientific, synthetic, syncretic city. Layering in the history of development, types of space exist in the modern notions of man and in the implementations of the city, as its semantic levels.
