The dissertation presents the results of the study of indicators of productive longevity of the Holstein, Ukrainian Black-and-White, Red-and-White breeds. It was found the type of character of the influence on them by the various genetic and environmental factors and manifestation of phenotypic features. It was investigated the comparable correlation of various breeding features. Based on research results it was formulated the main provisions for selection and breeding with the purpose to obtain indicators with best duration and effectiveness of lifetime use. The variability of productive longevity of dairy cattle is significant influenced by housing conditions, a little less – by the year and the season of birth and the first calving. Born in the autumn-winter period cows had the highest rates of duration and effectiveness. The season of the first calving didn't show any consistent pattern, but birth and the first calving year had almost the same impact on productive longevity indicators. Animals that have not reached the breed standard in live weight in a certain age period, in the future, had lower indicators of lifetime use and productivity. In order to prolong the productive longevity of cow their first calving should be planned at the age of 25-29 months. Among the animals of Holstein and Ukrainian Red-and-White the cows with 121-150 days of the first service period and 336-400 days of the first lactation had the longest use in herds and had the highest milk yield, and among Ukrainian Black-and-White with the duration of the indicated periods 151-180 and 371-400 days, respectively. The indicators of the duration and effectiveness of life-long use of the daughters of long-lived Holstein breed were lower not only than their mothers, but also lower than the average of the herd. Descendants of Ukrainian Black-and-White, Red-and-White breeds had a little higher indicators of productive longevity, than the average per herd: lifetime yield was higher by 10.4 and 28.9 % respectively, and the number of lactations for life – by 6,4 and 22,7 %. Such Holstein breeders as Rock 373840409, V.M. Dan 5510544, V.Teksel Kin 393522 (Canadian breeding) E. Samb 3035115974 (Hungarian selection), Lord 661288 (German breeding), Valentin 373840175, Matador 373840109 (Russian breeding) improved productive longevity of daughters by some separate features, and also the breeders of Ukrainian Black-and-White, Red-and-White breeds Abrykos 5806 and Khlor 2052. Correlation analysis shows that the most theoretically motivated and practically suitable criteria for forecasting of productive indicators of longevity is the yields of cows for the first (r = -0,217 +0,205) and the best lactation (r = +0.061 +0,609), yields of mothers for the first lactation (r = -0.194 +0.084) and breeding indices of ancestor by the father line (F, MF and FF) (r = -0.283 +0.096). At the same time, one-factor dispersion analysis has established that the most significant impact on the productive longevity of dairy breeds were made by genetic factors, namely, the origin of the father (ηx2 = 9,9-29.3 %, P<0.001), conditional pedigree by Holstein breed (ηx2 = 5.8-34.3 %, P<0.001) and linear affinity (ηx2 = 4.6-19.8 %, P<0.001). Factor "Herd" had the greatest impact on the productive longevity of cows (ηx2 = 2.9-28.7 %, P<0.001) among the paratypes factors and much smaller is birth and the first calving year and birth and first calving season. Estimated economic effect of predictive selection for lifetime yield by the selection of cows in the form of inheritance by "over-domination" + "domination of the mother" + "domination of the father", depending on the breed, fluctuated from 2380 to 4375 UAH per cow per year, while by the selection of heifers with 305 days of lactation with an intensity of 75 % it was only 1109-1730 UAH.
