Underground waters are a complicated multi-component system which is characterized by different values of aggressiveness degree, bicarbonate alkalinity, general rigidity, permanganate oxidation, redox potential, salt content, contains ions of heavy metals, dissolved gases and organic compounds both of natural (ironorganic complexes, humin acids) and of anthropogenic origin (ammonia nitrogen, phenols, surface-active substances etc.), microorganisms. It is specified that the majority of stations treating underground waters existing in Ukraine by the technology of filtering with simplified aeration, did not envisage the comprehensive removal of the above mentioned pollutions. Therefore, the scientific substantiation, investigation and introduction into practice of such technological solution which envisages solving the problem of the comprehensive treatment of multi-component underground waters of various composition with their stabilizing processing and using the sediment after filters washout in the capacity of reagent-sedimentor, for example: for treating washot waters of galvanic production is a pressing task. The direction is proposed of developing scientific principles with substantiating the mechanisms of the comprehensive treatment of underground waters from ammonia nitrogen, dissolved organics, Fe(II) compounds, phenols using combined methods; the development of new and improvement of existing technologies on the basis of scientifically sumstantiated rational unification of biological and physico-chemical methods. Theoretical principles are developed and the influenc is experimentally proven of values of bicarbonate alkalinity, additional source of non-organic carbon, the strength of permanent magnetic field upon the efficiency of processes of treating underground waters. It is determined that under conditioning aggressive weak acidic iron containig underground waters with low alkaline reserve (0,6 – 1,18 mmole/cub.dm), with concentrations of ammonia nitrogen from 1,0 to 3,0 mg/cub.dm the solution of soda ash (50 – 70 mg/cub.dm) is to be introduced before the filters of the second degree. The efficience is proven of using the complex of processes of hydrodynamic cavitation-coagulation for removing from underground waters humin complexes, phenols, ammonia nitrogen. The regularities are determined of the processes of the comprehensive treatment of underground waters from ammonia nitrogen, dissolved organics and also the changes of oxygen regime and pH values by the height of contact loading of the bioreactor depending on the duration of its operation. The boundaries and rational conditions for the use of combined methods of purification of multicomponent groundwater have been determined. A multicomponent mathematical model of the groundwater treatment process in the interfacial space of contact loading of a bioreactor has been developed. The basic regularities are determined of the joint use of combined cleaning methods for treating multi-component underground waters under conditions of seasonal and annual changes of indices of their quality taking into account the uneven hydraulic loading on the technological equipment. It is proven the possibility of removing ions of heavy metals: (Cr6+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cu2+) from washout waters of galvanic production and underground waters on matrix structures of biominerals, the mechanism is proposed of the process and the technology of treatment. New approaches are proposed to combining methods and installations for the comprehensive treatment of underground waters with obtaining the synergic effect. The classificators are improved of the tеchnology of treating underground waters taking into account their multicomponentness. The classification is proposed of underground waters by major physico-chemical indices of their quality which influence the selection of treatment technologies. The further development grew of the theoretical principles of the mechanisms of destruction and extraction from underground waters of polluting substances with the help of combining methods of hydrodynamic cavitation – coagulation; the development and upgrading of the technologies of comprehensive treatment of underground waters. The work solves an important national economic problem of increasing the efficiency of the comprehensive tratment of multi-component underground waters. The proposed technologies were introduced during the development of work projects and construction of water treatment and stabilization water treatment plants in a number of settlements in Volyn and Rivne regions of Ukraine.
