Sabadash V. Тheoretical foundations of sorption processes on natural and synthetic sorbents

The dissertation is devoted to the development of theoretical foundations of adsorption processes in the system of “solid-liquid”. The dissertation is devoted to the study of mechanisms and patterns of adsorption processes involving synthetic and natural sorbents in order to optimize chemical and technological processes and resource conservation. Adsorption processes are the basis of many chemical-technological and biological processes on phase interface of “solid-liquid”. The characteristic of natural zeolite and its physical and chemical properties, structure of zeolite crystals, sorption and ion-exchange properties were given. The fractional distribution of natural zeolite has been fulfilled and a distribution function was presented, on the basis of which the average diameter of zeolite grains was determined. The physical-chemical characteristics of two types of heavy metals ions: copper and chromium were given. Their toxicological characteristics, which determine the need for sewage treatment from these components, were described. The maximum permissible concentrations of cuprum and chromium in purified water were given. The static activity of natural zeolite with respect to components of inorganic and organic composition was determined. The statics of adsorption processes were mathematically described by the equations of the Langmuir, Freundlich, and BET isotherms. The kinetic dependences and coefficients of mass deducing and effective coefficients of internal diffusion, which allow determining the time of the adsorption process, were obtained. The methods of determining the sorption ability of natural and synthesized sorbents for organic and inorganic compounds in molecular and dissociation form, methods of analytical determination of components of multi-component mixtures were given. Methods of conducting kinetic researches are presented in order to determine the coefficients of mass return and effective coefficients of internal diffusion. The mathematical models for describing adsorption and ion exchange processes in a column type apparatus are developed. Technological solutions for separating of bicomponent solutions containing of cuprum and chromium ions were presented. The variants of solution the problems of proteins macromolecules extraction from the aqueous medium that interfere with the adsorption of proteins by creating a diffusion resistance on the surface of the sorbent grain were solved. The methods of ultrahigh-frequency radiation application for denaturising of proteins were presented. These methods allow them to be removed from the water dispersion. The mathematical model of the process was developed and a mathematical solution was obtained for calculating the time and temperature of heating the dispersion of the protein. The temperature of the heating of a body of arbitrary shape at the time τ after the influence of microwave radiation was calculated.