This thesis presents complex communicative-typological research of Ukrainian drama pieces of the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century. It focuses on revealing communicative strategies. Taking into consideration the character and the specific features of the dramatics the classification of the communicative strategies has been presented. Defining the drama text as polyfunctional metatext, structurally non-homogeneous (basic and secondary), presented simultaneously by two planes of expressiveness - written or staged (oral), represented by both verbal and non-verbal components with the use of the signs of other semiotic systems, it is possible to differentiate between two types of communicative strategies: on the level of the form of dramatics and on the plot and content level.
On the level of the form of dramatics of the investigated period it is possible to observe the display of kind and genre diffusions and transfornations, the tendency to make drama text more lyric and epic. It leads to substantial changes in traditional content-quantitative division of the drama text into basic and secondary, thus increasing the secondary text by means of extensive stage directions leading to changes in imagery system of personages. In such drama text, consequently, the character and the role of the stage directions which serve as the basis of the non-verbal communication are changed.
The character and the kind of artistic communication are determined by the literary generic relationships, by the artistic method of the author, by the structural schemes of the author as well as by the structural schemes of the message organization in the text. At the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century literary tendencies began to prevail over the dramatic, theatrical ones. Consequently, drama transfers towards narrative, epic, lyrics. Above mentioned peculiarities decrease stage performance of the action, provide author’s presence in the text, its symbolism, mood, constructive detachment, eclectic features.
On the level of dramatic communication it is possible to trace in the works of Ukrainian dramatists of the 20-s of the XX century the peculiarity which we determine as secondary transformation. Textual communication of the Ukrainian drama of the investigated period is not connected with the primary text but with the adopted one. It is possible to decode other time and textual levels in the text-recipient. Sense communicative strategies are the basis for the creation of stylization, caricatures, parodies, allegories on the principles of the social reality of that time, which is the demonstration of the double coding of the newly created texts.
On the plot and content level the communicative strategies of “literaturelisation”, intertextuality, lyricisation, epicisation, author’s presence provide the increase of narrativeness, the decrease of ethnographism and lead to recontextualization of the drama. Time and place organization in accordance with epic principles creates above textual layer called in our research as “semantic iceberg”, which also ruins the traditional form of the drama. Due to the “literaturelisation”, kind and genre diffusions of the drama text occur which provide the appearance of vanguard literary pieces in Ukrainian literary of the following decades. The devices of artistic conventionality function as the means of the author’s new picture of the world and provide the author’s narrative in the text structure. Constructive-plot relations ensure autopresentation, variability of interpretation of addresser as the author-creator, author-function, immanent presence of the potential author in drama text, demonstration of author presence in personages’ cues.
On the basis of the adapted for staging prosaic and poetic texts analysis a new notion of the text has been introduced – transform in which conceptual and detailed information is preserved, but the sequence and the character of plot fragments are transformed. Due to the device called “estrangement» as well as to parody, absurd, hyperbole, irony the authors of the period under study interpret the works of the famous writers anew.
The analysis of the works of Ukrainian dramatists of the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century held on textual and genre levels from the point of view of artistic communication made in possible to single out communicative strategies realized in them, trace the path of the Ukrainian drama from realism to modernism.
