Perii S. Theoretical and experimental background of the methods for increasing the accuracy of trigonometric and geometric leveling

The possibility of using non-simultaneously double-way trigonometric leveling has been theoretically and practically proven taking into account vertical refraction on the accuracy of the corresponding geometric leveling of second-order on observation lines up to 1 km. The use of non-simultaneous double-way trigonometric leveling for the determination of altitudes in polygonometers has been tested. The method of laying high-altitude traverses of trigonometric leveling without measuring the heights of the device and surveying targets has been worked out. By analogy with trigonometric leveling, the method of double-way geometric leveling "forward-backward" has been proposed. The laboratory model of a geometric level-refractometer has been designed. The method of creating a dynamic refractive field model based on correlations between the directions of observation, which allows to calculate the values of vertical refractions of directions in real time, has been developed.