Guda B. Well differentiated thyroid cancer: molecular biological and clinical aspects, optimization of surgical management and post-operative patients rehabilitation

Object of study: differentiated thyroid cancer (thyroid). Aim of the study: to determine the molecular and biological features of cells with highly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, their clinical and oncological characteristics, the impact on the disease course and changes in treatment tactics depending on the time after the Chernobyl accident, the prognostic factors of papillary and follicular carcinoma; substantiate and improve surgical treatment methods with minimal access and optimize radioiodine diagnosis and treatment protocol. Research methods and apparatus: general clinical, hormonal, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, radiological, molecular-biological, mathematical and statistical; Nanodrop spectrophotometer, GeneAmp PCR System 2720 thermocycler, GeneTech amplifier. Theoretical and practical results: The results of the studies are important to further elucidate the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, the factors that cause the progression of malignant growth in the thyroid gland, as well as affect the course and prognosis of the disease, the development and improvement of treatments for patients with differentiated thyroidoid. Proposed and tested changes to the radioiodine therapy protocol under the conditions of short-term elimination of thyroid hormones, which allow the majority of patients with pTi-T2NOMO papillary carcinoma to be limited to conducting radioiodine diagnosis, which significantly patients after radioiodine scanning. Novelty: It is found that the difference in the prevalence of carcinomas with different characteristics among patients depends on the age of patients at the time of surgery. It is proved that the main factor that is essential for the characteristics of papillary carcinomas is the size of the tumor, as well as the sex and age of the patients. It has been established for the first time that the modulation of the tropic hormone content in patients' blood may also be affected by pathological changes in the extracorporeal tissue that accompany the tumor. It has been shown for the first time that in the tissue of the PC of the thyroid gland, against the background of a significant increase in the intensity of proliferation and the absence of changes in the intensity of apoptosis, the expression and activation of key kinases of the proliferative signaling pathways RAS / RAF / MEK / ERK and PI3K / Akt - ERK1 and ER1. Degree of implementation: the results of the performed work are introduced into the healing process of the clinic of the State Institution «Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism named after M.Sc. VP Komisarenko NAMS of Ukraine ”and medical institutions of Ukraine, received 2 patents of Ukraine. Areas of use: endocrinology