The dissertation presents theoretical, methodological and practical recommendations for the formation of the basis, introduction and distribution of mortgage lending in agriculture.
The evolution of views on the theoretical nature of the loan, the features of the use of mortgage lending in the system of financial support of agriculture are revealed. The main constraints on the use of mortgage lending in the system of financial support for agricultural development have been identified. The structure of the mechanism of mortgage lending to agriculture (legal support; institutional support; motivational and information support) is revealed. The approach to determining the need for mortgage loans to agricultural enterprises is presented. It is proved the expediency of using a mortgage loan for the development of agricultural enterprises and financing of seasonal shortage of funds to fulfill the condition when the return on total capital exceeds the cost of servicing the loan. It is argued that in determining the feasibility of attracting an investment loan for the reproduction of fixed assets, there is a need to calculate and minimize discounted investment costs, an algorithm based on the annual cost of repayment of principal debt, obligations for using a bank loan, other financial instruments. , which calculates and the number of years of the loan agreement.
The analysis of the legal framework of the regulation of mortgage lending is conducted. The features of providing mortgage loans to agricultural enterprises are described. The experience of introduction and reasons for the lack of mortgage lending to farmers was generalized. The risks of mortgage lending have been investigated. The methodology for taking into account the risks in the planning of production results at agricultural enterprises with the use of mortgages is disclosed. A scientific and methodological approach to calculating the required size of a mortgage loan is proposed.
The dynamics of agricultural development of Ukraine has been investigated, to the process of which destructive changes in the functional-component structure of agriculture have been identified, which is confirmed by the predominant production of crop production compared to the production of livestock products. The tendencies of financial and credit support of agrarian enterprises are characterized, the diagnostics of their creditworthiness from the point of view of possible use of mortgage loans is made. It is revealed that the main source of formation of financial resources of agricultural enterprises is equity. The investment activity of agricultural enterprises is analyzed as a powerful financial source of agricultural development. State support for the development of mortgage lending in agriculture, insurance of mortgage lending risks in the industry, as well as foreign experience of state regulation of mortgage lending in agriculture with the possibility of its adaptation in Ukraine are presented. The expediency of using mixed mortgage lending model for agriculture in Ukraine is determined and the stages of its implementation are determined.
The optimization of expenses of agricultural enterprises in the application of mortgage lending, modeling approaches to assessing multifactor risk in attracting mortgage loans to agricultural enterprises, and the system of mortgage lending to agricultural enterprises of Ukraine are proposed. The principles of forming a mortgage lending system have been expanded. Proposals for improvement of the mortgage lending mechanism as a form of agricultural investment renewal have been developed, which is determined by creating conditions for maintaining the balance of interests of the mortgagor and the mortgagor. It is determined that the investment climate in the agriculture of Ukraine is still unfavorable. The possibility of capitalization of agricultural land as a potential source of financing for agricultural enterprises is substantiated. It is proved that the use of a mortgage loan to finance innovative agricultural enterprises will help to increase opportunities for practical implementation of innovative projects and to ensure sustainable development of agriculture.
Keywords: mortgage lending, mortgage, pledge of land, land value, agriculture, agricultural enterprises, creditworthiness, insurance, risk, state regulation, state support.
