Yatsyshyn T. The development of scientific foundations of risk prevention of environmentally-hazardous processes of oil and gas extraction objects

The thesis paper deals with the development of the prevention of environmentally-hazardous processes at different life stages of oil and gas wells by means of defining the list of influence factors, the choice of methods and ways of their control and control over the intensity of pollutants emission at regulated operation conditions and designing the tools of managerial decisions during states of emergency. The multifactor nature from environmental viewpoint is one of the primary ideas of the given thesis. On the basis of conducted investigations new environmentally efficient technologies have been developed as well as forecasting system for safe management of nature conservation activities of oil and gas complex objects. New methodological approaches, technical and technological solutions have been introduced that will enable to increase the level of environmental safety of oil and gas industry. The new innovative concept of oil and gas enterprise has been developed. This concept includes prophylactic measures, monitoring and life cycle evaluation. The given potential risk factors at different stages of oil and gas life cycle made it possible to choose the criteria of environmental risks management system and preventing unwanted consequences at objects under study. The monitoring of the most widely spread oil and gas complex objects has been conducted. These were oil and gas wells at different stages of life cycle and collecting data for life cycle of oil and gas wells assessment. Thus, the drilling stage is accompanied by the highest capacity of incoming flows horizons. At the stages of site preparation, assembling and disassembling there is a high intensity of transportation and involvement of special vehicles. Operation phase is represented in average values of incoming and outgoing flows capacity but it lasts not more than 85% and more from total life cycle of oil and gas well. Drilling phase by its variety and outgoing flows capacity is the most significant, but its duration is no longer than 2%. The mathematical model of dispersion of polluting additives into the atmosphere has been developed and the mathematical model of oil spills on the surface during oil-well blowing has been improved. These models compared to already existing ones take into account all basic factors that influence the given process. We developed software-modeling problem-solving complex to prevent emergency situations associated with environmental pollution at open oil and gas wells blowing. We offered a strategy of environmental pollution reduction during life cycle of oil and gas wells that is based on principles of stable development, environmental efficiency and constant perfection. We offered a model of equipment (parts) with factors that define their environmental efficiency. We developed the methodology of defining environmental sophistication of oil and gas equipment that makes it possible to choose among monotype items of oil and gas equipment one that is the most environmentally efficient. The basis of this methodology is the choice of criteria typical for the chosen equipment and comparing their values at different stages of life cycle of the example (manufacturing, exploitation, utilization), We outlined the management model of environmental safety of oil and gas well consisting of the following blocks: informational, monitoring, forecasting, the choice of methods aimed at reducing the impact of affecting environment, the implementation of environmentally-efficient technical and technological decisions and principles “Lifelong learning”, assessment and control, optimizing that functions according to the principle of continual improvement spiral. We offered a set of technical solutions for equipment at different stages of life cycle of oil and gas wells that received patents in Ukraine and offered some recommendations aimed at prevention environmentally-hazardous effects. The results obtained during the thesis make it possible to solve important scientifically-applied problem of prevention of environmentally-hazardous processes at oil and gas extraction objects.