Koval L. Aesthetic and technological principles of design of energy-efficient indoor light environment

The dissertation proposes a solution to a scientific problem of creating the energy-efficient indoor light environment, based on the definition of aesthetic and technological principles of maintenance of high-quality parameters of lighting through design techniques. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the emergence (in the late XX – early XXI century) of light sources (LEDs) with high energy efficiency properties; actualization of issues connected with energy-saving and rational use of inexhaustible energy sources; the need to create a comfortable indoor lighting environment, differentiated according to the needs of each user, aimed at fostering efficiency and maintaining human health while ensuring compliance with modern requirements for energy efficiency. The dissertation systematizes technological methods of light application and determines their aesthetic manifestations in art and design. The modern opportunities for standardization of artificial indoor lighting, coordinated with human biorhythms are outlined and the concept of interdisciplinary research of aesthetic and psychophysiological perception of colour lighting is offered. As part of the luminous pictures aesthetics study, possible visual results of the combination of graphics, painting and applications with internal LED lighting have been experimentally established. For painting, the visual result of such a combination can be expressed in a change in the picture coloristics, and for conditional painting – in reducing the contrast of the image. The visual result of combining black and white graphics with internal LED lighting can be expressed in a change of background colour, and for a graphic multilayer picture – in the exposure of all layers and the formation of a single polychrome image. A combination of a multilayer application picture with light can be expressed in the exposure of all layers and the formation of a single monochrome image; the number of its tonal gradations is determined by the number of layers. The specifics of LED luminaires and direct lighting systems design is determined. It implies a list of certain techniques. These include increasing the overall light efficiency of a luminaire by directing the axes of each source parallel to the luminaire axis (perpendicularly to the illuminated space). Besides, it presumes improving the thermal regime of a luminaire by using as large an area as possible for mounting LEDs, employing aluminium or heat-conducting plastic as a material for manufacturing reflectors and providing holes in the outer limiting surface of the reflector shell. Another technique is to ensure the variability of a luminaire light distribution, by means of LEDs with different angles of radiation and autonomous control of their small groups. Softening multiple shadows is possible by placing LEDs at a minimal possible distance between their centres. At this, using the proposal for determination of the LED luminaires light distribution basing on the shape of their luminous surface, it is discovered that when placing LEDs on the reflector surface, directing their axial light forces parallel to the axis of the luminaire (perpendicularly to the illuminated space), efficiency coefficient if 5 % higher than when placing LEDs, directing their axial forces of light normally to the mounting surface. Key words: design, indoor light environment, energy efficiency, lighting of buildings, luminaires, light-emitting diodes.