The dissertation provides a theoretical generalization and a new solution to a strategically significant scientific problem – development of theoretical and methodological foundations, scientific and methodical approaches and practical recommendations to improve effectiveness of financial support of the reproduction of human capital at the regional level.
Theoretical foundations of development of human capital, essential characteristics, assets, functions and influence on development of regions are revealed. It is proved that the human capital affects the achievement of global and national SDG, but on the other hand, sustainable human capital development depends on financial support of education, training, and healthcare system.
The categorical apparatus of financial support of reproduction of human capital is characterized. The definition of “human capital”, “reproduction of human capital”, “financial support of reproduction of human capital”, “expanded reproduction of human capital”, “sustainable development of human capital”, “investment attractiveness of the bearer of human capital” in terms of the finance have been improved.
Methodological principles of the study of financial support of the reproduction of human capital at the all levels are substantiated. The research contains assessment of financial support of reproduction of human capital of Ukraine on the basis of proposed methodological approach, which application enabled distribution of regions of Ukraine by such indicators as financial potential and level of human capital development. Obtained results allowed formulating practical recommendations for increasing effectiveness of formation and implementation of the financial support of reproduction of human capital at the regional level. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of financial support of reproduction of human capital by different funding organizations, determining the role of the government, households, and business in the human capital financing. The indexes for diagnosis of financial support of reproduction of human capital at all levels (such as EOI, HOI, HCOI, Се), which allows exploring of processes of mobilization, distribution and use of financial resources of the public and the private sector on education, training, and healthcare system was offers.
The foreign experience of the expenditure on education, and expenditure on health was researched in detail way. It was detected: the high-income countries can better finance the development of human capital; they are the leaders of the Human Capital Index, more human capital in high-income countries is associated with higher earnings for people, and higher income for countries. On the basis of the study of government and non-government expenditure on education and health, it has been concluded that investments in human capital are the effective tool to increase of the wages of full-time employees. The relationships between investments in human capital development and wages in the lower-middle-income countries are analytically proved.
The scientific and methodological principles of financial support of human capital at the regional level in modern and new conditions are substantiated, taking into account foreign experience in the sphere of budget policy, crediting, and investment policy, attraction of alternative sources of financing of education, training, and healthcare system. The conceptual bases of the Strategy of human capital development are determined. It is proposed to create Regional Funds for Human Capital Development and institutional structures which coordinate the financial support of human capital development at the regional level. The measures of development of financial support of reproduction of human capital at the regional level (which include better use of funds, increasing the revenue base of local budgets; ensuring the effective implementation of budget expenditures and increasing the cost of education, training, and healthcare; improvement of intergovernmental transfers; tax allowances for business, education voucher programmers’ targeted at specific groups, and individual learning accounts, grants or financial aid from government to households through which households can accumulate both time and financial resources, improving access to lifelong learning; enhancing stakeholders’ involvement and social dialogue and other) are grounded.
