In the thesis substantiated the requirements for conducting ground-based and satellite observations, investigated the regularities of natural processes in agricultural landscapes, developed a methodology and improved methods for assessing the ecological state of agricultural landscapes for the timely detection of hazardous processes. The foundations of the theory of interchangeability of satellite and terrestrial information have been developed, an assessment of the ecological and reclamation state of agricultural landscapes and an economically justified practical use of monitoring have been made.
Scientific novelty is to improve the methodology for assessing the ecological state of agricultural landscapes within the reclamation systems, that based on the principles of interchangeability of terrestrial and satellite information, which are based on taking into account space-time variability and operating conditions.
For the first time, the "Theory of interchangeability of satellite and terrestrial information" was developed to improve the methodology of the current ecological and reclamation monitoring. For the first time, the use of methods, techniques and technologies has been developed and proposed, which ensure the interchangeability of satellite and terrestrial information when conducting environmental reclamation monitoring.
The practical significance of the results obtained is to increase the efficiency and reliability of ecological and reclamation monitoring to determine the ecological state of agricultural landscapes.
Identifying and taking into account the negative and positive effects of climate and anthropogenic pressure on the components of agrolandscapes is the basis for the study of natural changes. The study of factors of influence allowed to automate the process of accumulation and storage of spectral data of soil, water and vegetation surfaces, characteristic of the conditions of Ukraine in the database of spectral signatures. The comparative analysis of two satellite images in channels 3, 5, 7 Landsat-8 gives a visual idea of the changes that occur over time. Subtracting the two images also gives a visual representation of the changes, but not in quantitative equivalent.
Therefore, to identify changes over time (the number of pixels in the image in% of the area) developed a method of comparing classifications of areas of different degrees of salinity for two dates. The method involves comparing and comparing two different methods for identifying changes in the identification and analysis of saline lands. For assess flooded and flooded areas (harmful effects of water), it is advisable to use the ir / r coefficient in combination with the NDVI index, which characterizes the area as flooded with flooded areas. It was found that the spectral indices can identify fires by indicators of the mineral composition of organogenic soils, identify foci of combustion based on the composite of channels 1, 6, 11 Landsat 8.
The types of soil monitoring that exist and are described in regulations and scientific papers are valid for types of remote sensing monitoring. As the surface of the soil to which vegetative and water for watering joins is subject to inspection. Water quality affects the soil and vegetation.
Special monitoring according to remote sensing data is the most popular in solving the following tasks: determination of negative and positive impact of irrigation on agrolandscapes, modeling of ecological condition and fertility of soils of agrolandscapes, identification of dangerous water and ecological situations, identification of suitability of groundwater for irrigation in specific soil reclamation conditions. Local and regional level monitoring was performed to determine the negative and positive impact of irrigation on agricultural landscapes. The efficiency of irrigation systems operation was determined using multispectral remote sensing data according to the developed formulas: dynamics of changes in irrigation areas, efficiency of sprinkler equipment, efficiency of land protection from flooding. For monitoring at the regional level, an index of multi-criteria evaluation has been developed based on bringing all indicators to a single reference scale. The programs "Multicriteria assessment", "AnalistNOAA" are developed. Dangerous water-ecological situations have been studied at an object with hydrological features and the spatial distribution of sources of anthropogenic pollution - the Milky Estuary.
For the practical implementation of environmental reclamation monitoring according to remote sensing data, it is proposed to use free and paid sites for the dissemination of information. Interactive thematic maps of the state of the environment, which are publicly available, are a significant addition to high-resolution satellite information.
