Yaruta Y. Improvement of urban stormwater systems taking into account the regulation of rain runoff

In the dissertation the scientifiс-practical problem of improvement of urban systems of a stormwater drainage taking into account regulation of a runoff is solved. Which provides for connection of infiltration basins to drainage networks. Improvement is based on hydraulic calculations of their joint work, regulation and treatment of stormwater in infiltration basins. By connecting the regulation structure to the collector, the peak pressures on the collector will be reduced. The surface runoff will be cleaned and its quality will be improved by the top layer of plant. The study of the processes of flooding and emptying of infiltration basins at the experimental installation is carried out. The formula for determination of drainage flow rates taking into account the peculiarities of water infiltration during the flooding of infiltration basin coating was improved. Modes of filling and emptying of infiltration pools depend on filtration properties of the upper layer of loading is established. The ranges of changes in water penetration rate and filtration coefficients of infiltration basins with a typical plant upper layer are obtained. Stormwater quality indicators before and after the infiltration basin fragment are obtained. Their values correspond to the technological standards of stormwater treatment. Substances that are trapped in the top (vegetable) layers of the load reduce the water penetration and filtration properties of the basin coating. However, due to natural processes of plants, these layers are regenerated with almost complete restoration of water penetrating and filtration capacity for 6-7 days between the rainy period. The method of hydraulic calculation of drainage collectors working in both non-pressure and pressure modes is scientifically grounded and improved in the dissertation. It is proposed to carry out calculations according to the simplified degree formula Numerical values of the coefficient and indicators of the degree of the refined formula for certain DBN B.2.5-75 standard indicators of working conditions and calculation of water disposal pipelines are obtained. Analytical dependences for calculation of the coefficient taking into account the pipeline filling are proposed. The assessment of runoff formation in the urban area with stormwater collector operating in the pressure and gravity flow modes was carried out. For this purpose, a hydrograph of the relative costs of the collector and the amount of rainwater that has passed through the control points of the collector sections is constructed. Stormwater discharge has been determined using the maximum intensity method. This method assumes that the estimated duration of rainfall is the same as the duration of surface water flow from a remote point in the flow basin of the system's design reference point. Stormwater inflow is proportional to the flow area. Analytical formulas to determine the relative volumes of stormwater that should be held in check by stormwater control structures from the relative flow rates of the actual drainage network capacity are obtained Analysis of the genesis and structure of the formulas has shown that they are suitable for calculating the relative volumes of W΄f and W΄reg at any control point of the collector, if the conditions are met for this point: the estimated relative rainfall duration is equal to the relative flow time of water to this point; the maximum relative flow rate, as well as the maximum relative volume at this point, is also equal to one. Therefore, the formulas should be calculated in turn for each collector section, which should include. Stormwater formation zones have been determined. Their characteristic regularities, which are characteristic of only one zone, are obtained. Features of each zone of stormwater formation depend on the types of runoff areas, types of dependencies of the type and limit values of time of runoff from each zone. According to the given method of formation of a runoff and volumes of the stormwater subject to regulation in the urban area, volumes W΄reg should be delayed before corresponding control points. That is, the infiltration basins that will accumulate these volumes should be located in the lateral inflow zone of each section of the collector. Estimation of joint work of a complex of structures of a stormwater drainage system is considered on the basis of three interconnected systems of the equations. The mathematical model of a complex of structures of a drainage basin of a stormwater drainage network includes the following subsystems of equations: The main factors influencing the choice of elements of the constructive scheme of the infiltration basin are given. Structural schemes of infiltration basin including air drainage are proposed. It is placed to allow air to escape from the filtration and accumulation layers. The engineering calculation of the joint work of the complex of structures of stormwater drainage with infiltration basin.