The dissertation is dedicated to solving of the scientific problem which shows the ecology properties of immobilized nitrotransforming microbiocenosis use for the destruction of nitrogen compounds from wastewater and water objects protection from eutrophication. Protection from eutrophication, formed by from dump of biogenic elements which are the part of pollutants of wastewater – is one of the crucial, scientific-practical, ecologic problems. Ecological studies of nitrigentransforming microbiocenosis included the following directions: the study of the compound of microbiocenosis (microbiological, physiological, and biochemical methods), the study of conditions between eco-trophic groups in the microboiocenosis, the study of the influence of ecological conditions (concentration of ammonia nitrogen and organic compounds) on metabolism of separate nitrotransforming groups of microorganisms. In the inhibitory experiments the four inhibitors which decrease the basic enzymes of separate eco-trophic groups of microbiocenosis: AOB, AOA, anammox-bacteria, denitrification bacteria have been used.. The scheme and laboratory biodisk device for the study of the ecological factors on processes of deasotation and deammonisation of a different wastewater quality by nitrotransforming microbiocenosis which worked in contact and flow regimes have been developed and built.. The leading influence of ecological factors on the immobilized nitrotransforming microbiocenosis lifecycle in a contact and flow mode of wastewater treatment have been studied, some of them are temperature, the concentration of dissolved oxygen, the concentration of dissolved ammonia, pH and the most crucial ecological factor – the organic matter presence and a concentration of it. In a process of autoselection, the spatial distribution of eco-trophic groups of microorganisms in the immobilized microbiocenosis happens the way that in the upper layer of the biofilm in an anaerobic condition the obligation aerobics are evolved – AOB, AOA, NOB and aerobic heteromorph microorganisms and in the lower level of the biofilm the microaerophiles and anaerobic microorganisms including – anammox and denitrification bacteria. The studies of the influence of ecological factors: dissolved oxygen concentrations, pH, temperature and concentration of the organic substance on a transformation of nirtigencontained compounds by immobilized microbiocenosis during wastewater treatment in the contact mode showed that crucial factor of deammonisation and deasotation of wastewater by this microbiocenisis is the concentration of organic matter (by COD). The results of experimental studies showed that in the contact mode the treatment efficiency from N-NH4 + Norg is 57,6% (with a high concentration of organic matter presence). The specific velocity of treatment N-NH4 is 1,6, N-NH4 +Norg – 1,8 mg/(g ash. subst .•h). The results of experimental studies showed that presence of the immobilized biocenosis during 6,6 hours in the bioreactor with wastewater actively and comprehensively (up to 99,5%) oxidizes organic compounds and actively (up to 99,9%) deamonisation the environment. In this connection, due to the structure and form of the biofilm, a dimensional and trophic connection between ecotrophic groups of immobilized microbiocenosis which formed with a presence of a critically high concentration of organic substances and N-NH4 , the special condition in the biofilm is formed that allows actively to metabolize as heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms and oxidizes like organic and inorganic components. With a highly concentrated wastewater treatment by organic pollution in the flow mode of cultivation, the immobilized microbiocenosis was adapting to the deammonisation of the environment in the extreme conditions for the autotrophic microflora: COD ≥ 823 mgO/dm3 . The optimum mesophilic temperature regime, for the process of deasotation, was with oxygen concentration in the area ≥ 4 mg/dm3 . The specific velocity of N-NH4 removal with the presence of organic compounds reached 1.6 with absence – 4,3 mg/(g ash. subst.•h). The ecofriendly method of wastewater treatment from nitrogen substances and dissolved organic compounds (that reach the limits for water body dump) in the disk bioreactor have been developed. In a working condition the approbation of removal effectiveness of nitrogen compounds deasotation by immobilized microbiocenosis with processing in the biodisk apparatus have been approved, and the Act of implementation about results of dissertation studies on the stabling of PO "FELDMAN ECO-PARK" has been obtained. Key words: nitrogentransfoming microbiocenosis, the ecology of microbiocenosis, ecology factors, immobilized microbiocenosis, deasotation and deammonisation of water environment, nitrogen compounds, biodisk reactor, wastewaters.
