Havryliuk O. Peculiarities of productivity formation in columnar apple varieties

In the dissertation work on the basis of results of experimental researches and their theoretical generalizations, morpho-physiological features of 7 grades of columnar apple-trees of various ecological and geographical groups are shown(‘Bolero’, ‘Valiuta’, ‘Prezydent’, ‘Tantsivnytsia’, ‘Sparta’, ‘Favoryt’ and ‘Bilosnizhka’) on rootstock 54-118, their comparison with conventional apple varieties is given, the advantages of the former in terms of formation and realization of photosynthetic and generative potential and productivity, in general, are proved and the economic efficiency of cultivation in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Analysis of the stability of fruiting of the studied apple varieties showed that they all formed a harvest each year; the coefficient of the periodicity of varieties varied from 29.5 to 59.0%. According to the tendency to fruiting frequency, columnar varieties were divided into two groups: relatively regularly fruiting varieties - ‘Bilosnizhka’, ‘Sparta’, ‘Bolero’ and ‘Favoryt’ (29.5-33.8); with medium frequency fruiting - ‘Valiuta’, ‘Prezydent’ and ‘Tantsivnytsia’ (43.2-59.0). The expediency of introducing the variety into mass production is determined by the level of its economic efficiency, the main components of which are the consumer quality of fruits and yield. When growing columnar apple varieties under the actual planting scheme (4 × 1 m), such a garden provided the beginning of profit with a yield of more than 15 t / ha with the profitability of 18-88% depending on the variety. Break-even production of columnar apple varieties in the western foreststeppe of Ukraine is possible with a yield of 9-13 tone/hectare. Under the optimal (model) scheme of planting (2.5 + 0.9 × 0.4 m) the profit per hectare of columnar apple orchard will be from 298 to 993 thousand UAH / ha, with a level of profitability of 129-330%. We recommend columnar apple varieties of domestic selection - ‘Favoryt’, ‘Bilosnizhka, ‘Tantsivnytsia’ and ‘Sparta’ for production testing in industrial apple orchards in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. We suggest not limiting the productive age of plants of the ‘Tantsivnytsia’ and ‘Sparta’ varieties on rootstock 54-118 to 20 years of age.