The dissertation presents a theoretical generalization and a new solution of the scientific problem of establishing patterns of remodeling of structures, vascular bed of the liver and common bile duct in male lab rats in resections of different volumes of the liver parenchyma.
With the help of complex of morphological (macroscopy, histology, histochemistry, electron microscopy, vascular injection, morphometry), biochemical and statistical methods studied the liver and biliary tract of 100 male lab rats, which were divided into 5 groups: 1-st consisted of 20 intact animals, 2-nd – 20 rats after laparotomy, 3-rd – 20 rats after resection of the left lateral lobe, which equalled 31.5 % of volume of the liver parenchyma, 4-th – 20 animals after resection of the left lateral and left medial lobes, which was 42.0 % of the volume of liver, 5-th – 20 rats after resection of the right and left lateral lobes of the liver (58.1 % of volume of the liver parenchyma). In lab white male rats quantitative morphological parameters of intact liver, common bile duct, their vascular bed at organ, tissue, cell and subcellular levels was determined. The peculiarities of the structural rearrangement of the liver, common bile duct, their vascular bed in resections of different volumes of the liver parenchyma were established. Resection of the left and right lateral lobes of the liver (58.1 % of its parenchyma) led to postresection portal hypertension and significant hemodynamic changes in the hepatic portal vein, which was complicated by significant remodeling of structures of the liver, common bile duct, their arterial, venous and hemomicrocirculatory beds. After resection of the left and right lateral lobes of the liver there was dilation, plethora of venous vessels, deformation of their lumen, areas of hypertrophy, dystrophy, necrobiosis of hepatocytes, the appearance of lymphoid-histiocytic infiltrates and increased stromal structures. Postresection portal hypertension is complicated by significant remodeling of the common bile duct, which is characterized by violation of the relationship between the spatial parameters of its membranes, venous plethora, hypoxia, trophic disorders, vascular permeability, dystrophy, necrobiosis, atrophy of the structures of the researched organ, infiltration and sclerosis. The peculiarities of bile-forming and bile-secreting functions of the liver in resections of different volumes of its parenchyma were studied. The degree of disorders of bile secretion depended on the volume of the removed liver and the relative volume of damaged hepatocytes. The obtained results significantly deepen and expand modern ideas about the structure and morphogenesis of the liver, biliary tract and its vascular bed in resections of different volumes of liver parenchyma. The results of researches contribute to a deeper study and understanding of the mechanisms of liver morphogenesis, its vascular bed and biliary tract in postresection portal hypertension and provide a new theoretical basis for developing ways to prevent and mitigate the development of maladaptation processes in the researched organs. The method of sampling and fixation of biliary tract in experimental animals (patent of Ukraine № 124933) developed in the course of this work will significantly expand the possibilities of adequate morphological diagnosis of patterns of remodeling of common bile duct structures in different liver injuries.
