The dissertation is devoted to optimization of technical and technological conditions of Irish pigs in industrial technology by studying the influence of different microclimate systems, indoor microclimate parameters, reproductive qualities of suckling sows and growth of suckling piglets during the year, and is devoted to developing measures to improve housing conditions of different pigs technological groups.
At the first stage, the dependence of the microclimate parameters in piggeries for keeping single and conditionally pregnant sows on their ventilation system and the influence of the parameters created by it on the reproductive qualities of sows were studied. It was found that both classical and geothermal ventilation systems in piggeries for keeping single and conditionally pregnant sows year-round provided the content of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide within the maximum allowable concentrations. The content of carbon dioxide in both rooms was within the maximum allowable concentrations in summer and transitional seasons, while in winter it exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations by 40% in both rooms. In all seasons, the geothermal ventilation system provided more comfortable conditions for the animals, then with traditional ventilation. In summer and autumn in the premises with geothermal ventilation the share of retired sows was lower by 2.0% and 1.4% compared to the classical one. The share of farrowing in animals kept under geothermal ventilation was better in animals kept in premises under the classical ventilation system.
It was also found that both classical and geothermal ventilation systems for farrowing sows provided the optimal temperature in the sow's living area in all seasons except summer. Temperature and humidity with geothermal ventilation were more comfortable for the sow at all times of the year. In the latter case, the air velocity was within the norm, while in the classical case it exceeded the latter by 0.07 m / s in spring and 0.12 m/s in autumn. Both ventilation systems provided a satisfactory gas composition of the air in the room for farrowing in all seasons, except for winter, where the maximum allowable concentration of carbon dioxide was exceeded by 5-15%. In general, the geothermal ventilation system created more comfortable housing conditions for sows and piglets.
At the second stage of research the advantages in productivity of pigs for use of system of ventilation of uniform pressure in piggeries for suckling sows are established. Due to the improvement of microclimate parameters in such piggeries, the number of piglets at weaning increased, their safety before weaning, the weight of one head for this period, and the weight of the nest.
There were no regularities of the dependence of the growth intensity of piglets and their payment for feed in increments during rearing and fattening from the design features of the ventilation system of the premises of negative and uniform pressure during the suckling period.
Slaughter and meat and fat qualities of pigs were significantly affected by pre-slaughter live weight, while no effect on these performance indicators - ventilation systems during the suckling period - was established.
At the third stage of research it was found that the introduction of the nitrogen-containing drug Triun helped to reduce the ammonia content in the air by 11.1 - 49.5% and did not affect the content of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide and humidity.
It was also found that the use of toys in machines for keeping piglets on rearing increased the average daily gain during rearing.
For the first time, the respondent conducted a comparative assessment of the impact of different types of ventilation on the microclimate parameters in rooms for single and conditionally pregnant sows and in rooms where the technological group of suckling sows is kept together with suckling piglets in the steppe of Ukraine. The analysis of influence of the created conditions under traditional and geothermal systems of creation of a microclimate, and also uniform and negative types of ventilation of livestock rooms, on reproductive qualities of hybrid sows of specialized lines of Irish selection and on realization of the potential of fattening qualities of their offspring created by these factors. greasy qualities of their carcasses.
The influence of the nitrogen-containing drug Triun on the formation of indoor microclimate indicators was studied.
The study of the influence of the pre-slaughter weight of pigs on their slaughter and meat-fat qualities, which were kept in the systems of creating a microclimate with the help of ventilation systems of negative and uniform pressure, continued.
Knowledge of the dependence of pig productivity on the use of toys during their rearing has been expanded.
