The dissertation work is devoted to the architectural and planning organizations of school complexes in the territories with difficult in Ukraine – as alternative educational institutions. Its relevance is determined by the need to address issues related to urbanization, total construction, lack of vacant land for construction - problems that cause difficulties in providing residential areas with educational institutions, as well as determine the need to upgrade educational institutions to current needs. «School complexes in areas with difficult terrain» are objects of educational institutions that provide training at the level of primary, basic secondary, specialized secondary education, in individual cases - in addition to the level of preschool education. The building of the institution is formed in the conditions of territories with a difficult relief and includes objects of various function connected with functions of training, education, rest, physical and sports development, cultural and entertaining processes, food, and also medical, administrative and economic services.
The study analyzes and summarizes the theoretical developments in the field of design and construction of educational institutions in general and on the difficult terrain in particular. The normative base for the design and construction of the research object is determined. The origin and evolution of the development of educational institutions on the territory of our state, the current state of the educational sector are considered.
The study of the territory of Ukraine, its engineering and geological conditions, demographic situation in cities and villages, allowed to analyze the feasibility of construction on difficult terrains, which showed the effectiveness of such construction in terms of urban planning, architectural, economic, demographic and environmental industries. Analyzed design solutions and implemented objects of buildings and structures of educational institutions, allowed to identify patterns of growth in recent years the number of educational institutions formed in areas with difficult terrain and to trace the need to use in educational institutions principles and techniques of architectural and planning organization of buildings in such conditions. Based on the analysis of the main and secondary processes occurring in the learning environment, determining the necessary functional areas for the activities of typical educational institutions and school complexes under study, a scheme of functional and technological process of the object of study was formed. The paper established general requirements for the design of the object of study and criteria for selecting the site of organization of school complexes: urban location, slope angle, orientation relative to the sides of the world, area, horizontal and vertical dismemberment, site configuration. An algorithm for the development of volumetric planning organization of school complexes with the help of phased work from general to partial – the shape of spatial solution of the entire building of the complex in the design area to the spatial planning structure of buildings. There are five ranges of slope angles for the design of school complexes in areas with difficult terrain. The principles according to which the architectural and planning organization of such school complexes is formed are determined. The rules of interaction of architecture and landscape are established, the approaches and means concerning their creation are specified. The results of the study complement the generally accepted approaches of architectural and urban planning in the field of building areas with difficult terrain. The main theoretical provisions and results of the study can be used by research and design organizations in the development of public buildings and structures and in particular educational complexes and institutions in conditions of difficult terrain. Some of the results can be adapted to the houses of other typological groups. Developments can be used in the preparation of tasks for design, development of relevant regulations and scientific and methodological manuals, preparation of theoretical works, in the educational process – n the training of architects and professionals of related professions.
