Boliuk Y. Psychophysiological features of young subjects with different periodontal tissues condition

The dissertation is devoted to the study of local features of periodontium, teeth hard tissues and oral environment, psychological characteristics, features of higher nervous activity and autonomic regulation in people aged 18-23 years and the possibility of their use to predict and prevent inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues. The following methods were used in the course of work: clinical – to assess the general dental status of young people, to determine the level of oral hygiene and the condition of periodontal tissues; psychological testing; instrumental – for an objective description of the state of autonomous regulation and individual and typological features of higher nervous activity; laboratory – to assess the crystallographic picture of oral fluid; statistical – to analyze and determine the reliability of the results, as well as to build a model to identify the risk of inflammatory lesions of periodontal tissues. The paper provides the data on psychological characteristics in young people with periodontal disease. In particular, a decrease in the indicators of assessment of well-being and activity, as well as an increase in the manifestation of such maladaptive states as neurotic depression and hysterical type of response were fixed in young people with periodontal inflammatory lesions. The evaluation of the parameters of higher nervous activity in people aged 18-23 years with periodontal pathology was performed. A decrease in the duration of a simple visual-motor reaction and the latent period of the choice reaction of two signals from three possible in the examined with periodontal tissues disease indicates a faster course of both simple and complex reactions. At the same time, there was a decrease in the time of central information processing, which may indicate the activation of higher centers of regulation. The state of autonomic regulation in young people with periodontal disease without concomitant somatic pathology was studied. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability revealed a decrease in the power of high-frequency oscillations and an increase in low-frequency waves. These results are supported by an increase in the share of low-frequency waves in the total power of the spectrum and, accordingly, by an increase in the sympatho-parasympathetic balance index. Such indicators indicate a shift in the balance of autonomic regulation in the direction of sympathetic influences in subjects with inflammatory lesions of periodontal tissues, which is also confirmed by statistical analysis of heart rate variability and cardiointervalography by R. M. Baevsky. All these signs indicate the stress of adaptation systems and the reduction of functional reserves. The indicators of dental examination, psychological characteristics, parameters of higher nervous activity and autonomic regulation were used to predict the development of periodontal pathology. The possibility of using the proposed models for early diagnosis and prevention of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues is substantiated. The analysis of the constructed prognostic models showed high diagnostic efficiency, sensitivity and specificity, and the values of diagnostic sensitivity are higher in comparison with specificity.