In the course of the dissertation research the cranial index was calculated and the cranotypes of the subjects were determined. The average value of the cranial index of the subjects has been found to be 73.42%. In most (70.75%) cases, mesocranium was observed. 17.5% of subjects were shown to havedolichocrania and only 47 subjects (11.75%) had brachycrania.
Calculations aimed at determining the upper facial index has shownthe upper facial index in most cases, which is characteristic of the meseny (271 individuals, which is 67.75%). The linear width of the forehead has been shown to be dependent on the gender. In women it is smaller. In addition, women are characterized by less pronounced variability of this indicator. Among women, people with a narrow forehead are more common. Men mostlyhave a wide one.
It has been determined that in 25 cases (6.25%) there is aplasia of the frontal sinus. In 18 cases (4.5%) unilateral, in 7 cases it is bilateral (1.75%). Women with frontal sinus aplasia accounted for 3.5% of the total number of subjects. Men, on the other hand, accounted for 2.75% of the total volume of the studied SCT. In addition, aplasia of the frontal sinus has been shown to be more common in women than in men. It has been found that females account for 56% of all cases of aplasia.
The parameters of the structure of the maxillary, frontal, lattice, wedge-shaped sinuses have been determined and the relationship between these indicators has been identified.
There is a strong positive correlation (r = 0.96, 0.96, 0.95 and 0.9) between the volume, thickness and density of the maxillary sinus walls. Moderate positive correlation between sinus volume, thickness and density of the hooked process, sinus volume and longitudinal size of the lower nasal cavity (r = 0.65, 0.68 and 0.66). There is a very strong correlation between the thickness of the upper wall and the volume of the sinus (r = 0.96). A strong positive linear relationship (r = 0.72) has been defined between the volume and thickness of the medial wall (p = 0.005).
There is a statistically significant (p = 0.01) strong (r = 0.75) relationship between the thickness of the hooked process and the average sinus volume. Besides, there is a very strong linear correlation between the density of the middle and upper wall of the maxillary sinus in physiological conditions (r = 0.9).
The study involved calculation of the average bone density of the anterior, posterior, medial and lateral walls of the maxillary sinus. The average bone density of the first cervical vertebrae was also determined to detect the severity of changes in bone tissue of different localization. Bone density in the group of women with a BMI of 18.5-24.99 kg / m2 is as follows: in the anterior wall 160.1 ± 23.36 Hu, in the posterior 144.8 ± 23.76 Hu, in the medial 79.4 ± 23 , 63 Hu, in the lateral wall 144.8 ± 23.76 Hu. The bone density of the first cervical vertebrae is 141.4 ± 23.1 Hu.
In women with a BMI of 25-30 kg / m2, these figures are: 169.4 ± 28.01 Hu, 175.7 ± 30.83 Hu, 77.7 ± 24.87 Hu, 130.5 ± 32.77 Hu and 137.5 ± 39.99 Hu according to the above order. Bone density in women aged 20-30 years with a BMI of 18.5-24.99 kg / m2 is 178.8 ± 22.56 Hu, 168.3 ± 28.83 Hu, 84.3 ± 19.9 Hu, 142.5 ± 23 Hu and 191.8 ± 29.27 Hu, respectively. It has been determined that in this group of women the density of bone tissue is maximal.
The average bone density of the posterior and lower walls of the frontal sinus in men of different ages has been identified. Bone density in the group of men 20-40 years is: in the lower wall 191.5 ± 11.6 Hu, posterior 176.6 ± 21 Hu, and in the group of men aged 75-85 years: 169.1 ± 16.8 Hu and 164 ± 21 Hu according to the above order. At the age of 20 to 40 years it is: in the area of the lower wall 120.1 ± 8.3 Hu, and the rear wall 162.1 ± 24 Hu (group aged 20- 40 years) and 101.4 ± 6.95 Hu, 127.4.8 ± 5.4 Hu, respectively (group of men 75 - 85 years).
The volume of the frontal cell is 2.03 ± 0.2x10-9м3 and 2.2 ± 0.3x10-9м3in accordance with the above order in females and males. The minimum wall density of the ethmoidal sinus and wedge-shaped sinus is 43.8 ± 1.3 Hu, 33.7 ± 1.9 Hu (for the ethmoidal sinus and 51.2 ± 4.4 Hu, 46.4 ± 2.1 Hu for wedge-shaped).
Haller cell volume is 7.52 ± 1.1x10-9м3in men and 7.39 ± 0.99x10-9м3in women). Onodi cell volume is 3.9 ± 0.51x10-9м3, 4.04 ± 0.12x10-9м3in men and women, respectively. The volume of the wedge-shaped sinus in men is 7.7% higher in women and is 5.63 ± 0.31x10-9м3and 5.2 ± 1.1x10-9м3, respectively.
A fundamentally new method of automatic measurement of bone thickness has been proposed, which can be used for automated measurement of bone thickness of the walls of the paranasal sinuses. The obtained results can be implemented in the work of doctors of a number of specialties (physicians, radiologists, otolaryngologists, dentists, ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons) to study many biomedical images.
