The dissertation is devoted to the problem of improving the quality of diagnosis and forecasting of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in cases of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM).
The aim of the work is to improve the quality of diagnosis of hearing impairment and to identify factors that contribute to the development of SNHL in patients with type 2 DM based on the analysis of complex clinical and instrumental research, taking into account the peculiarities of its course. The dissertation is based on the analysis of complex clinical and instrumental research of the auditory system, bioelectrical activity of the brain and laboratory studies – determination of the level of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMB 22) and vitamin D in 94 patients with sensorineural hearing loss on the background of diabetes mellitus type ІІ, 15 healthy individuals in the control group and 15 patients with SNHL without elevating blood sugar level as a comparison group. The data were analyzed taking into account the peculiarities of the course of diabetes mellitus. All studied patients underwent a comprehensive otolaryngological (clinical and instrumental) audiological examination (clinical examination of ENT organs, tuning fork tests Weber and Federici, tonal threshold audiometry including in the extended frequency range and above-threshold audiometry, speech audiometry, registration of the OAE at the frequency of distortion products, registration of the auditory evoked potentials – short- and long-latent, respectively SLAEP and LLEAP), electroencephalography (EEG), as well as laboratory tests.
In order to study the indicators of a comprehensive clinical and instrumental research, taking into account the peculiarities of the course of DM, data analysis was performed in two groups of patients. Depending on the course of the disease, taking into account the results of the examination and conclusion of an endocrinologist, the studied patients with diabetes were divided into two groups: with a milder course – group 1 and with a complicated course – group 2. The following were taken into account: glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, episodes of hypoglycemia and abrupt changes of blood glucose level, complications of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, vegetative Kerdo’s index, neurological dysfunction score (NDS), polyneuropathy. Group 1 included 59 patients, group 2 – 35 patients with complications of DM and abrupt changes in blood sugar level in the anamnesis.
The paper presents a detailed description of the condition of different parts of the auditory system; taking into account the peculiarities of the course of type 2 DM, which allowed us to reveal the most informative criteria for improving the quality of diagnosis of sensorineural hearing disorders, as well as predicting the development and progression of SNHL in such patients.
