Dissertation for the Philosophy Doctor degree in the speciality 16.00.01 «Diagnostics and therapy of animals» (211 – Veterinary Medicine). – Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University; National Scientific Centre «Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine», Kharkiv, 2021.
In the dissertation, based on the results of research, the prevalence and clinical degrees of damage to the limbs of broilers, patients with perosis, theoretically substantiated and experimentally substantiated. Some indicators of protein, macro- and micromineral metabolism for Zinc deficiency and Manganese in poultry are studied. Scientific novelty of the results, obtained lies in the fact that for the first time in Ukraine early diagnostic criteria for perosis broilers. The content of Zinc and Manganese in feathers and claws of clinically healthy and investigated patients with perosis chickens. The statistically proved, that correlation between the content of Zinc and Manganese in feathers and claws of the patient chicks with perosis. Complex prevention measures developed, regarding the prevention of perosis in broiler-chickens, by pleading with water pantothenates and lysinates of Manganese and Zinc.
It had established that recorded the critical periods of manifestation of perosis from 14 to 28 days of growing. Clinical studies that of patiently broiler chickens with perosis, showed that about 8,0 % of stock can be affected by the 28th day, of which 77,5 % have signs of the 3rd degree. The foundations for the development of the disease are the receipt of the feed for poultry with of depleted on Zinc (in the predstart below the norm by 19,4 %, the start – 4,6 %, grover by 26,3 %) and Manganese (in grover below by 11,3 %).
For the study of biochemical status, broilers of early age, for the first time in Ukraine, has been improved a unified method of life-long blood selection in the daily chickens (Declaration Patent of Ukraine No. 137191). The blood selection in broiler chickens of 1–7-day, it is better to be carried out by puncture the right jugular vein with a syringe 1,0 cm3 and a needle (G 30). This technique replaces the decapitation method. A take blood in chickens over 7-day, better to a syringe by 2,0 cm3 and an injection needle with a cannula (18 G) in a polypropylene test tube. The practical significance of the results is that the blood sampling method of the jugular vein – ensures the preservation of the life of chicken, and obtaining the required (0,4–0,6 ml) of the volume of high-quality blood serum, which can be used to study other biochemical parameters (Total Protein, Albumin, Total Calcium and Inorganic Phosphorus).
In order to diagnose the deficiency of trace elements, except to serum, it is advisable to select feathers and claws, for a more detailed analysis the metabolism of Zinc and Manganese. There is a study of the intensity metabolism of Zinc and Manganese, by determining their contents in claws. It proved disorders of metabolic processes in broiler chickens with perosis, manifested by a decrease in Zinc and Manganese content in serum and the accumulation of these trace elements in a feather. It has established that contents of Zinc and Manganese in feathers of broiler chickens with perosis, higher, than in clinically healthy bird. The obtained result indicates, that the excretion of Zinc and Manganese in the body of patient chickens does not reflect excess or deficit of these elements in a feather.
Based on the results of clinical and biochemical studies, the early diagnosis of perishable broilers in the conditions of the economy are recommended to begin to study the dynamics of the prevalence of this pathology, collecting anamnestic data, a clinical study of a poultry law, the detection of poultry and analysis of the degree of damage to the limbs. In the second stage, in chickens with signs of perosis should selected from blood for biochemical studies. For a high degree of defeat and detection of a large number of patients with chickens, it is expedient to conduct a feather selection to study the depth of the exchange of Zinc and Manganese trace metabolism. In parallel with these measures, it is necessary to select the samples of mixed fodders of all age groups of birds to analyse the definition of Zinc content and Manganese. At the last stage of the diagnostic complex, we interpret the results and we conclusion on the state of mineral metabolism and addition chelate supplements of trace elements with water, depending on their deficit and age of the affected broiler chicken.
