Hnativ I. Anthropogenic transformation of natural functions of the Stryi river catchment ecosystem

The dissertation research solves the current scientific and applied problem of increasing the level of ecological safety of aquatic ecosystems, by substantiating a comprehensive approach to determining the anthropogenic impact and improving the system of environmental monitoring and the basin principle of environmental safety management. The method of research of factors of formation of chemical composition of natural waters of the Stryi river basin, which combines basin and landscape-geochemical approaches, has been improved and used. It allows you to integrally compare a variety of natural and anthropogenic impacts and identify the most important parameters for their detailed analysis. The combination of these approaches made it possible to improve the method of ecological analysis of the Stryi river basin, which allows to spatially differentiate and hydrochemically integrate the factors of formation of the chemical composition of natural waters. Experimental laboratory and field studies of seasonal changes in the main hydrochemical indicators of river water quality of the basin, taking into account the impact of urban areas. Recommendations have been developed to protect areas from floods and reduce the anthropogenic impact on the quality of mountain rivers. To verify the results of theoretical and field research, the existing experimental setup was improved, which provided conditions for modeling the flow in hydrodynamically active areas of mountain rivers in accordance with the laws of similarity theory and the principles of hydrodynamic modeling. Factors and conditions of formation of chemical composition of natural waters of the Stryi river basin, and also sites of considerable anthropogenic influence are investigated. This allows for more detailed monitoring of the quality of natural waters of the basin, focusing more on the identified problem areas of negative impact. Clarifying scientifically substantiated methods of modeling of surface water treatment processes and assessment of anthropogenic load in mountain river basins are offered. The necessity of improvement of bank protections and regulatory measures in the basin of the Stryi river for protection of territories from flooding is substantiated. All catchment areas should be taken into account in the development of flood protection plans in floodplains. Local flood protection measures that do not assess the full flow of floods in a river floodplain can significantly worsen the overall situation and increase flood damage. The necessity of creation of the improved system of the organization of monitoring of anthropogenic influences for increase of level of ecological safety of hydroecosystems is scientifically substantiated. A comprehensive method for determining the natural and man-made impact has been developed, which makes it possible to assess the state of the basin ecosystem, determine the probability of its violation and apply a set of measures for optimal forms of environmental safety management.