Bihuliak H. Pathogenetic substantiation of the use of stem cells for the correction of immune disorders in periodontitis

The dissertation studied the features of systemic metabolic and local structural disorders in animals with experimental acute periodontitis and the effectiveness of using stem cells for their correction. It was established that under the conditions of experimental correction using stem cells, the processes of lipid and protein peroxidation are inhibited, and the functioning of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic links of the antioxidant system is improved. The influence of differentiated immunomodulation with the use of mesenchymal stem cells on the state of the immune system of experimental animals with acute generalized periodontitis has been proven. It was proved that simulation of acute experimental periodontitis was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines – IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 with a maximum increase on the first day, a stable increase during 7-14 days and a decrease up to 21 days. It was established that the pathological process in the periodontium is accompanied by an increase in the average mass of molecules and the erythrocyte intoxication index during 7 days of observation, which significantly differ from the indicators of animals without simulated pathology, which indicates the development of endotoxicosis. A set of disorders in periodontal tissues was shown pathomorphologically after modeling the pathological process, and the anti-inflammatory and regenerative effect of human mesenchymal stem cells, as well as rat muscle stem cells on the processes of bone tissue regeneration in animals with acute generalized periodontitis was proven. A method of differentiated immunomodulation using stem cells was developed and proposed for the correction of metabolic and structural disorders arising in acute experimental periodontitis.