Pyzhyanov V. Biological and ecological characteristics of reproduction of varieties of the genus Actinidia Lindl species and their use in landscaping

Qualifying scientific work deals with up-to date issues of optimizing the elements of technology for growing planting material of introduced varieties of species of the genus Actinidia Lindl. species — Actinidia kolomikta (Rupr. Et Maxim.) Maxim., Actinidia arguta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq., Actinidia purpurea Rehd., Actinidia polugama (Siebold et Zucc.), Actinidia chinensis Planch. for landscaping in the conditions of the Right-Banc Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine. The study demonstrates that the acceleration of the cultivation of seedlings of the promising introduced varieties of actinidia is substantially facilitated by own-root propagation by stem cuttings, although the adventitious root formation of this horticultural crop is based on a weak ability to regenerate adventitious roots from the stem parts of growth shoots. It was revealed that during the period of intensive growth of shoots, the studied varieties of actinidia had an unequal regenerative ability due to biological characteristics, namely, the strength of growth. It is studied that in all terms of grafting, all the studied varieties of actinidia are characterized by a significantly better rooting rate of cuttings harvested from the basal part of the shoot, compared with cuttings harvested from the apical and medial ones, the rooting rate of which was almost equal. It is established that the dates of planting cuttings for rooting affects the further development of adventitious roots and, in general, the growth and development of own-rooted plants, as well as the quality of planting material. It is shown that the improvement of the technology of stem cuttings of actinidia varieties can be achieved by inducing the rhizogene activity of stem cuttings with a biologically active substance of auxin nature α-NAA and KANO (10% solution of potassium salt of α-Naphthylacetic acid – α-NAA). The optimal concentrations of the biologically active substance α-NAA and KANO during the processing and rooting of green stem cuttings of actinidia, depending on the variety, the dates of cutting, the type and metamerism of the shoot were determined. The studied varieties of actinidia are characterized by high vegetative productivity, which is the biological basis for self-root propagation and use for landscaping. Improved agro-technological measures for growing seedlings of introduced actinidia varieties provide 55–64% of commercial planting material as compared with traditional technology (11–15%).