The dissertation is devoted to solving current scientific task of pediatric dentistry and aimed at increasing the effectiveness of remineralization prevention of dental caries in children, who live in conditions of biogeochemical microelement deficiency during the period of eruption and mineralization of the first permanent molars by introducing differentiated approaches for different caries activity levels.
For the first time, it was established that under conditions of insufficient mineralization of the enamel of temporary teeth, a decrease in its protective function is observed, while three stages can be distinguished in the morphological reorganization of the pulp and dentin: infiltration by immunocompetent cells of the subodontoblastic Weil layer, local cytotoxic destruction of the odontoblast layer, and penetration of cells of the lymphocytic series into the dentinal tubules . The last phenomenon leads to their obturation and related to this violation of the circulation of dental fluid in the centrifugal direction, which in turn will cause a violation of trophic not only in the dentin, but also in the enamel.
The study of the dental status of children who permanently live in different geographical zones of the Transcarpathia region, in particular mountainous (Rakhiv) and lowland (Uzhgorod), has been further developed, and incredible differences in the prevalence and intensity of caries of temporary teeth have been established (p>0.05) . Improbable differences between indicators in the gender aspect were determined.
It was established that the most frequently affected children were temporary molars (96.2±1.4%; 97.7±1.4%; p<0.05) and central incisors (86.8±1.9%; 85.52 ±1.9%; 97.7±1.4%; p<0.05) with overturning of deep caries (54.06%; 51.99%; p<0.05), and subcompensated caries course in children with temporary bite (51.11%; 43.96%; p<0.05). Among children living in mountainous and lowland areas, hygiene was unsatisfactory with a compensated degree of caries activity (2.42±0.05; 2.78±0.05; p>0.05), with subcompensated – poor (3.03 ±0.6; 3.29±0.6; p>0.05), and with decompensated - very bad (4.2±0.45; 4.72±0.45; p>0.05). Differences in indicators depending on gender and between indicators of different geographical zones were unlikely (p>0.05).
It was statistically established that the presence of a decompensated degree of caries activity has a direct correlation with high rates of tooth enamel demineralization in all studied patients of both educational institutions (r=0.87, p=0.05).
Keywords: enamel and dentine of the teeth, prevalence, intensity and activity of caries, school-aged children, biogeochemical deficiency of fluorine and iodine, oral hygiene, morphological features and metric parameters of dentin and pulp of primary teeth of children, effectiveness of prevention, dental status, teeth, bite, caries and dental caries, carious cavities, etiology, oral cavity.
