Kantarzhi V. Correction of the subject-practical activity of older preschool children with motor disorders by means of physical education

The study is devoted to the problem of correcting the subject-practical activity of older preschoolers with paresis of the upper limbs by means of physical education in combination with work. The methodology of using the possibilities of adaptive physical education and labor activity in the correction of the subject-practical activity of the specified contingent of children is substantiated. The specifics of adaptive physical education of older preschoolers with disorders of hand functions in combination with the means of manual and instrumental work activities in the correction of subject-practical activities are highlighted. The general and special principles of occupational therapy for preschoolers with paresis of the upper limbs are formulated. Well-known methods of occupational therapy for the specified contingent of children were systematized and formulated. A working model of the correction of the subject-practical activity of preschool children with violations of hand functions by means of adaptive physical education in combination with labor activity has been created. An innovative method of diagnosing the state of hand functions in older preschoolers with paresis of the upper limbs has been developed based on the use of well-known neurophysiological tests and the author's game tests of M. M. Yefimenko. Peculiarities of hand functions in the specified category of preschoolers in comparison with healthy peers were identified and analyzed. The method of correction of subject-practical activity in such children has been developed and tested on the basis of differentiation of detected violations of hand functions, the use of corrective physical exercises and work activities against the background of theatricalization of movement and play activities. A complex of well-known principles, methods, methods, forms and pedagogical conditions for the correction of hand functions in preschoolers with paresis of the upper limbs by means of adaptive physical education and occupational therapy have acquired further development. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the author's method of development and correction of hand functions in older preschoolers with paresis of the upper limbs has been developed and implemented in the preschool education sector, which can be used not only in special institutions, but also in kindergartens of the combined type and developmental preschools institutions with an inclusive form of education. This significantly increases the effectiveness of the psychophysical development of children and contributes to the improvement of their further socialization. The developed method of pedagogical diagnosis of the state of hand functions in preschool children with paresis of the upper limbs makes it possible to conduct more objective studies of the state of their subject-practical activity. Selected and verified by practice complexes of corrective physical exercises, as well as special labor actions on the "Murash" stand and the "Master-lomeister" machine for improving manual manipulative actions are offered. The methodical results of the conducted research can be used at pedagogical meetings in various preschool education institutions, at staff meetings in hospitals, sanatoriums, rehabilitation centers, at parent meetings and consultations dedicated to increasing the effectiveness of the general psychophysical development and subject-practical activities of the specified contingent of children. The theoretical and practical results of the research can be applied in the educational process of the relevant secondary special and higher pedagogical institutions within the framework of the indicative courses "Theory and methods of adaptive physical education of children with musculoskeletal disorders", when developing the educational courses "Innovative approaches in physical education and rehabilitation of children with special educational needs", "Prevention and correction of movement disorders in preschoolers", "Inclusive physical education of children with health disabilities", "Subject-practical activities of preschoolers with special educational needs", etc. - for regional academies and institutes of postgraduate education of teachers.