Voloshchyshyn A. Ecological state of natural and technical geosystems of liquidated mines in the Lviv-Volyn coal basin

Українська версія

Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

State registration number

0823U100992

Thesis Registration Form

0823U100992.pdf

Applicant for

Specialization

  • 101 - Екологія

16-06-2023

Specialized Academic Board

ДФ 35.874.006

Lviv State University of Life Safety

Essay

The dissertation is devoted to the study of the peculiar effects of environmental and technological hazards of abandoned mines on the subsystem of natural objects (soils, surface and underground water bodies, air, and biota) as well as the use of phytomeliorative methods for renaturalization of the subsystem of artificial objects (devastated landscapes). The investigation of temperature and humidity conditions of dying waste heaps in spring showed that the highest temperature regimes (+33°C-+39°C) were observed in the areas of burning located in the middle tier of the southern exposure of the slope. Dying out dumps due to combustion processes lead to burnout of the root system of plants, which makes recultivation work more difficult. Ash content (percentage of unburned residue) is an important physicochemical indicator of waste rock. The average ash content of the waste rock of the operating dumps is 79.1- 79.4%. According to the surveys, the highest ash content is inherent in the operating dump of the Lisova mine and amounts to 88.4%. The lowest is at Chervonohradska mine (73.7%). It was determined that the content of heavy metals in the rock is variable. According to the average value, the MAC is exceeded for Pb, Ni and Co (Chervonohradska mine). An abnormally high and uneven Co content is observed, ranging from 9.3 mg/kg to 17100 mg/kg. Such an uneven Co content in the rock may be related to the fact that the rock removed from the mine at depths from 800 m to 1100 m is randomly dumped in different sites of the dump. In this case, the descriptive statistics and Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests suggest that the assumption of a normal distribution of heavy metals in the waste heaps in the study area should be rejected. The Cu and Zn distributions in the dumps are closest to the normal distribution. In our case, the correlation between heavy metals in the rock is below average, and it is not detected in 1/3 of the cases. The non-parametric Spearman's coefficient (rs) revealed an average correlation between the content of 13 heavy metals in pairs of Mn and Ni (rs=0.46), Mn and Zn (rs=0.52), Ni and Zn (rs=0.58), and Cu and Zn (rs=0.49). The assessment of the location similarity in terms of chemical element concentrations was based on cluster analysis ("Nadiya" mine). We used the Ward's method, which optimizes the minimum variance within clusters, resulting in approximately equal-sized clusters. The Euclidean distances were used as a measure of differences. The main output of hierarchical cluster analysis is a dendrogram. A typical approach to chemical element distribution cluster analysis is the use of waste heap elemental areas as objects. However, an alternative approach was also used. The chemical elements may also be the objects of analysis, characterized by their concentrations in elementary areas of the waste heap. That approach allowed to determine the similarity of chemical elements by their distribution on the waste heap, particularly, the following combinations (groups) of chemical elements were identified: I - Mg, Ca, S; II - Al, Fe, K, Si; III - Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr; IV - P, Mn; V - As, Pb, Co; VI - Sn, Dy, Cd. The correlation coefficient for Mg and Pb concentrations is r=0.95, Mg and Al - r=0.95, Al and K - r=0.96, P and Fe - r=0.95, Cr and Sn - r=0.81, Fe and Co - r=0.95, Cu and Ni - r=0.92. The following pairs of chemical elements demonstrate a weak connection: Ca i P - r=0.28, Si i S - r=0.20, Fe i Ca - r=0.35, K i Ca - r=0.29, Fe i C - r=0.21. The weakest relationship between the concentration of chemical elements is demonstrated by Si, having an average correlation coefficient of 0.36, and Ca (average r=0.43). An investigation of the gross heavy metal content of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb in the 0-15 cm and 0-20 cm horizons in the waste heap revealed that their concentrations do not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations established by the state standards of Ukraine for soils. Cu content exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations was found at the foot of the waste heap in the east (study area No. 4). However, the content of heavy metals in comparison with the background values (study site No. 6) exceeds the values for some elements by ten times. It was found that the most contaminated with heavy metals is the investigated 14 area No. 4 in the horizon of 0-15 cm, located on the eastern side at the foot. Heavy metal content in the background area, located within a radius of 3 km from the waste heap, is the lowest in the 0-15 cm horizon. The main feature of the formation of the dump ecotopes is related to the increase in the concentration of all chemical elements compared to the natural background. Mg, Pb, Sn, Fe, Al, Cu, P, Ni, and Zn demonstrate the highest correlation with the intensity of anthropogenic load. The difference between the ecotopes of various dump exposures is basically caused by the concentration of Ca and Al.

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Research papers

1. Popovych N., Malyovanyy M., Telak O., Voloshchyshyn A., Popovych V. Environmental hazard of uncontrolled accumulation of industrial and municipal solid waste of different origin in Ukraine. Environmental problems. 2018. 1. 53-58.

2. Попович В. В., Волощишин А. І. Фітомеліорація породних відвалів шахт у межах впливу Львівсько-Волинського вугільного басейну. Збірник наукових праць Національного гірничого університету. 2018. 54. 377-394.

3. Popovych V., Voloshchyshyn A. Environmental impact of devastated landscapes of Volhynian Upland and Male Polisya (Ukraine). Environmental Research, Engineering and Management. 2019. 75(3). 33-45. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.75.3.23323

4. Popovych V., Voloshchyshyn A. Features of temperature and humidity conditions of extinguishing waste heaps of coal mines in spring. News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Series of Geology and Technical Sciences. 2019. 4(436). 230-237. https://doi.org/10.32014/2019.2518-170X.118

5. Popovych V. V., Henyk Y. V., Voloshchyshyn A. I., Sysa L. V. Study of physical and chemical properties of edaphotopes of the waste dumps at coal mines in the Novovolynsk mining area. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu. 2019. 5. 122-129. https://doi.org/10.29202/nvngu/2019-5/19

6. Skrobala V., Popovych V., Tyndyk O., Voloshchyshyn A. Chemical pollution peculiarities of the Nadiya mine rock dumps in the Chervonohrad Mining District, Ukraine. Mining of Mineral Deposits. 2022. 16(4). 71-79. https://doi.org/10.33271/mining16.04.071

7. Popovych V.V., Voloshchyshyn A.I., Tyndyk O.S., Menshykova O.V., Shuplat T.I., Bosak P.V. Monitoring of Heavy Metals Migration into Edaphic Horizons of Coal Mine Dumps. Ecologia Balkanica. 2022. 14(2). 63-74.

8. Popovych V., Kuzmenko O., Voloshchyshyn A., Petlovanyi M. Influence of man-made edaphotopes of the spoil heap on biota. E3S Web of Conf. Ukrainian School of Mining Engineering. 2018. Vol. 60. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186000010

9. Popovych V., Voloshchyshyn A. The impact of coal waste heaps on the environment of Sokal district of Lviv region. Applied Biotchnology in Mining: Proceedings of the International Conference (April 25-27, 2018, Dnipro). 2018. P. 86.

10. Попович В. В., Волощишин А. І. Основні тенденції відновлення девастованих ландшафтів гірничовидобування (світовий аспект). Школа підземної розробки: Матер. ХІІ Міжнар. наук.-практ. конф. (м. Бердянськ, 4-8 вересня 2018 року). 2018. С. 73-74.

11. Попович В. В., Волощишин А. І. Екологічні особливості формування фітомеліоративного вкриття на териконах вугільних шахт. Актуальні питання техногенної та цивільної безпеки України: Матер. І Всеукр. наук. конф. (м. Миколаїв, 21-22 вересня 2018 року). 2018. С. 86-87.

12. Попович В. В., Волощишин А. І. Екологічна небезпека буровугільних відвалів. Екологічна безпека як основа сталого розвитку суспільства. Європейський досвід і перспективи: Матер. ІІІ Міжнар. наук. – практ. конф.(м. Львів, 14 вересня 2018 року). 2018. С. 24.

13. Попович В. В., Волощишин А. І., Попович Н. П. Теоретичні та практичні аспекти екологічної логістики відходів. Стратегія екологічної безпеки України: соціально-економічний та правовий вимір: Матер. ІІІ Круглого столу (м. Львів, 11 травня 2018 року). 2018. С. 57-61.

14. Popovych V., Voloshchyshyn A., Rudenko D., Popovych N. Geochemical properties of water under the waste heaps in Chervonohrad mining region. E3S Web of Conf. Ukrainian School of Mining Engineering. 2019. 123. 01035. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912301035

15. Попович В. В., Волощишин А. І. Хлориди та сульфати у підтериконових водах породних відвалів вугільних шахт. Сучасний стан і перспективи розвитку ландшафтної архітектури, садово-паркового господарства, урбоекології та фітомеліорації: Матер. Міжнар. наук. - практ. конф. (м. Львів, 4-5 квітня 2019 року). 2019. С. 216-217.

16. Popovych V., Voloshchyshyn A. Impact of coal-mining waste burning on the environment. Ecological impact of fire, deforestation and forest degradation. Reclamation of devastated landscapes: the second round table (March 29, 2019, Lviv). 2019. Р. 37-39.

17. Попович В. В., Попович Н. П., Волощишин А. І. Девастовані ландшафти та їх вплив на регіональну екологічну безпеку. Стратегія екологічної безпеки України: соціально-економічний та правовий вимір: збірник матеріалів IV Круглого столу (м. Львів, 17 травня 2019 року). 2019. С. 72-76.

18. Попович В. В., Волощишин А. І. Забруднення водного басейну внаслідок гірничовидобувної діяльності як чинник зниження регіональної екологічної безпеки. Актуальні питання техногенної та цивільної безпеки України: Матер. ІІ Всеукр.наук. конф. (м. Миколаїв, 18-19 вересня 2020 року). 2020. С. 134-135.

19. Попович В. В., Волощишин А. І. Аеротехногенне забруднення довкілля в зоні вуглевидобування. Екологічна безпека як основа сталого розвитку суспільства. Європейський досвід і перспективи: Матер. IV Міжнар. наук.- практ. конф. (м. Львів, 26 березня 2021 року). 2021. С. 131-132.

20. Popovych V., Voloshchyshyn A., Bosak P., Popovych N. Waste heaps in the urban environment as negative factors of urbanization. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021. 915(1). 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755- 1315/915/1/012001 (Scopus)

21. Босак П. В., Волощишин А. І. Горіння териконів вугільних шахт Червоноградського гірничопромислового району. Сталий розвиток: захист навколишнього середовища. Енергоощадність. Збалансоване природокористування : збірник матеріалів VІІ Міжнародного молодіжного конгресу (м. Львів, 10-11 лютого 2022). 2022. С. 124.

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