In the thesis, based on clinical, laboratory and statistical studies, the tone of the autonomic nervous system in cattle and its role in lipid homeostasis were established. It was established that depending on the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, there are changes in the content of fatty acids, cholesterol, and high, low and very low-density lipoproteins in the blood. 100 heads of Ukrainian, black-spotted dairy cows of 3-4 lactations were formed to carry out a variational and pulsometric study of the tone of the autonomic nervous system. Differences in electrocardiography indicators among experimental groups of cows were determined by variational pulsometric research. Vagotonic are characterized by high fashion indicators, variation range, as well as low fashion amplitude values compared to normotonic. In sympathotonic patients, high values of the amplitude of the mode and low values of the mode and variation range were established in comparison with normotonic. In animals of all experimental groups, the autonomic balance index has a correlation dependence with the range of variation and the amplitude of the mode. The autonomic rate of rhythm has a correlation in cows with different tonus of the autonomic nervous system with a range of variation and a mode. The influence of autonomic regulation on the content of saturated fatty acids in blood plasma lipids of cows in the summer period was investigated. Sympathotonic were characterized by a low content of caproic, capric, palmitic acids and a high content of stearic acid in comparison with normotonic. Normotonic were characterized by a high content of caproic, capric, and palmitic acids and a low content of stearic acid in comparison with other experimental groups. The correlation dependence of caproic acid with the autonomic equilibrium index and the tension index in normotonic and vagotonic patients is within r=-0.715−(-0.837). Capric acid correlates with the autonomic balance index and tension index in normotonic and vagotonic r=-0.807−(-0.966). Myristic acid has a statistical relationship with the autonomous rhythm index, tension index and autonomous equilibrium index in animals of all experimental groups r=-0.843−(-0.966). Palmitic and stearic acids are correlated with the stress index, the index of autonomous balance in animals of all experimental groups r=-0.771−(-0.984). It has been investigated that vegetative regulation influences the content of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in blood plasma lipids of cows in the summer period. Sympathotonic have a high content of arachidonic acid (P<0.05), eicosatrienoic acid compared to normotonic. Normotonic have the highest content of α-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid. Arachidonic acid has a statistical relationship with the autonomic balance index in normotonic and vagotonic subjects. Eicosatrienoic acid correlates with the autonomic balance index in normotonic and vagotonic subjects. α-linoleic acid correlates with the autonomic balance index in normotonic and vagotonic subjects. Docosahexaenoic acid has a correlation dependence with the autonomic balance index in normotonic and vagotonic subjects. The tone of the autonomic nervous system correlates with the content of saturated fatty acids in blood plasma lipids of cows in the winter period. Sympathotonic are characterized by a higher content of caproic, myristic and arachinic acid and a low content of stearic acid compared to normotonic. Vagotonic had a high content of palmitic and stearic acid and a low content of caproic and capric аcid compared to normotonic. Vegetative regulation influences the content of unsaturated fatty acids in blood plasma lipids of cows in the winter period. Vagotonic were characterized by a higher content of myristoleic acid and a lower content of palmitoleic acid compared to normotonic. A lower content of palmitoleic and oleic acid was found in sympathotonic subjects than in normotonic subjects. The content of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in blood plasma lipids of cows in winter is correlated with the tone of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathotonics were characterized by a high content of α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic and docosapentaenoic acid in comparison with normotonics. Vagotonics have a high level of eicosatrienoic acid and low levels of arachidonic, α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic acid compared to normotonics. Vegetative regulation isrelated to the content of cholesterol and high- and low-density lipoproteins in the blood serum of cows. Vagotonics were characterized by higher cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins compared to normotonics. In sympathotonic subjects, cholesterol content is lower and high-density lipoproteins compared to normotonic subjects. Normotonics are characterized by the lowest content of low-density lipoproteins compared to animals of other groups.
