Pushkashu A. Peculiarities of the pineal gland functioning in women with threatened abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy

The thesis, which is based on clinical research, presents a new perspective on solving the current problem - threatened abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy. It was for this purpose that a set of diagnostic, preventive, therapeutic and prognostic measures was developed and carried out in pregnant women with threatened miscarriage in the first trimester, using a modern view of the problem and statistical modeling. The clinical study included 40 women (clinical group) with threatened abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy, who had symptoms of miscarriage, and 44 women (control group) with a normal course of pregnancy in the first trimester without pronounced extragenital pathologies. In addition, among the studied patients there was no woman who works at night. Changes in the concentration of hormones of the pineal gland - melatonin and serotonin - were studied in women, whose pregnancy was complicated by a threatened abortion in the first trimester. During the ELISA (enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay) analysis, we obtained the following results. Melatonin levels were significantly lower in patients with threatened abortion compared to women with a normal pregnancy. In addition, the level of melatonin in pregnant women is higher than in non-pregnant women. Level of melatonin with retrochorial hematoma (RCH) up to 1 cm (59.31±10.32 pg/ml) (p ˂ 0.001). This is not observed with RCH larger than 1 cm, which are considered more dangerous, where the concentration of melatonin (93.98±14.52 pg/ml). These results may indicate a compensatory increase in the content of melatonin depending on the period of pregnancy: at 10-12 weeks it was 79.03±9.61 pg/ml (p ˂ 0.05), at 5-6 weeks 93.78±17.44 pg/ml. Thus, the results of determining the level of serotonin in the blood showed a significant increase in women with a threatened abortion of 739.89±111.27 ng/ml, compared to a normal pregnancy of 511.05±140.36 ng/ml (p ˂ 0.003). During the ultrasound examination of pregnant women with a threatened abortion, where a retrochorial hematoma (RCH) was detected, it was found that a CRH up to 1 cm is observed almost twice as often as a CRH more than 1 cm in the period of 8-12 weeks and twice as rarely in the period of 5-6 weeks. On the basis of the obtained clinical and laboratory data, we estimated the probable impact of a the pineal gland dysfunction on threatened abortion and stillbirth. As a result of the use of the developed set of measures aimed at non-pharmacological correction of the work of the pineal gland, pregnant women with threatened abortion in the first trimester had a positive outcome of termination of pregnancy, compared to women in whom such correction was not carried out.