Kyshkan P. Forensic Diagnostics of a Traumatic Object Type by Means of Three-dimensional Spatial Reconstruction of Body Injuries.

The data obtained in the experimental part of the research are indicative of a high sensitivity of the graphic editor «3DsMax» to morphological features of PCI. The method was applied during forensic expertise of an acute injury of the heart and kidney. We have analyzed 37 PCI by the results of forensic expertise performed at the municipal medical institution «Chernivtsi Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise». These were cases with PCI and parenchymal organs removed from the living individuals during surgical aid delivered to them. The organs were submitted for forensic-histological and medical-criminal expertise. Analysis of the cases from practical expertise found that the victims with PCI included 69 % males and 31 % females. According to the number of body injuries, one PCI was the most common – 69 %, two PCI were found in 15 % of cases, the rest – 16 % were multiple injuries. The majority of PCI were anterior and posterior made in the projection of the chest – practically 26 % cases, and less PCI were localized in the area of the abdominal wall, upper or lower limbs – 6,6 % each. Development of 3D models of the objects given for the expertise (the right kidney with PCI and probable three piercing-cutting objects № 1, № 2 and № 3), further obtaining linear sizes and their comparison in the space of the graphic editor «3ds Max» enabled to draw a substantiated conclusion that the most reliable correspondence was detected with the knife № 1, which was a tool of injury. In cases of expert investigations of other parenchymal organs, retrospective diagnostics was made concerning the features of a piercing-cutting object of the wound submitted by the investigative bodies according to 3D model of the wound canal formed in the anterior and posterior walls of the left heart ventricle. Our developed and applied 3D technologies enabled to obtain the following results: the length of the inlet hole of the wound canal was 1,590 cm, the width of the inlet hole was 0,392 cm. A complete correspondence was detected during comparison of 3D models of PCO and 3D model of the wound canal. The area of injury made by the belly of the PCO was of a special diagnostic value since it was the most typically specific. In the investigation of the next series of the expert cases, three-dimensional spatial modelling of PCO fragment was made by the morphological features of the cardiac muscle injury. Since the investigative bodies did not find a tool of injury in the crime scene, we made three-dimensional spatial modelling of PCO fragment according to the available morphological features of the body injuries. The traumatizing PCO at the immersion level was found to possess the following parameters: backing thickness no more than 0,2 cm; the length of the blade in the point of immersion through the external surface of the anterior wall of the left ventricle was 1,242 cm; the length of the blade in the point of immersion through the internal surface of the posterior wall of the left ventricle was 1,194 cm. Investigation of the expert cases from the practical work of forensic medicine expertise prove the possibility to use the graphic editor «3DsMax» for modelling of PCO fragment according to the available morphological features of a body injury and drawing a conclusion on the parameters of PCO.