For the first time 3 tannin metabolites were identified and quantified in the herb of Eryngium planum: halocatechin (152.03 μg/g), epicatechin (142.08 μg/g) and epicatechingalate (36.42 μg/g).
Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 7 fatty acids were identified and quantitated in the herb of Eryngium planum: alpha-linolenic acid (5441.0 μg/g), oleic (4276.7 μg/g), pentadecanoic (3206.4 μg/g), stearic (536.5 μg/g), lignocerin (478.6 μg/g), behenic (315.4 μg/g) and tricosan (222.8 μg/g).
For the first time in the herb of Eryngium planum 4 phytosterols were identified and quantified: stigmastan-6,22-diene,3,5-dihydro (430,95 mcg/g), beta-sitosterol acetate (243,00 mcg/g), stigmasteryl tosylate (58.06 mcg/g) and stigmastan-3,5-diene (50.35 mcg/g).
For the first time, the macro- and microelement composition of the herb and the roots of Eryngium planum was studied by atomic emission spectrometry. 23 macro- and microelements were detected. The dominant element is Potassium, the content of which ranges from 3585.00 mg/kg to 3765.00 mg/kg in herb and from 3623.00 mg/kg to 3795.00 mg/kg in roots depending on the place of growth, Calcium – from
1225.00 mg/kg to 1414.00 mg/kg in herb and from 1725.20 mg/kg to 1779.00 mg/kg in roots, Magnesium from 294.10 mg/kg to 426.90 mg/kg in herb and from 111.3 mg/kg to 160.00 mg/kg in roots. In general, the following regularity of the content of inorganic substances in the raw materials of Eryngium planum: K> Ca> Mg> Al> Si> Fe> Na> Mn> Sr> Zn> Cu> Ba was revealed.
A rational method of obtaining a medicinal substance from the herb of Eryngium planum has been selected, which would ensure the most complete extraction of biologically active substances. On the basis of the conducted researches it is established that the optimum degree of crushing of the herb of Eryngium planum is 0,5 - 2 mm; extractants - purified water, 40 % and 70 % ethanol; the maximum amount of BAS is released by 12-hour extraction, completeness of extraction is achieved by 3-fold extraction.
Hepatoprotective activity of herb extracts Eryngium planum has been established. The use of extracts MP-0, MP-4 and MP-7 in experimental hepatitis was accompanied by a marked reduction in pathological manifestations, which affected the reduction of TBA-AP in serum and liver homogenate and reduced activity of ALT and AST in serum compared to untreated group animals.
When animal extracts MP-0, MP-4 and MP-7 were administered to animals, ALT activity decreased by 26.9 %, 30.8 % and 33.8 %, respectively; AST activity decreased by 23.9 %, 25.7 % and 30.5 %, respectively, according to the group of animals that did not receive treatment.
Herbal extracts of Eryngium planum MP-0, MP-4 and MP-7 reduced serum TBA levels by 29.3 %, 31.5 % and 32.4 %, respectively, compared to untreated animals; in liver homogenate by 59.5 %, 65.4 % and 66.8 %, respectively.
Herb extracts of Eryngium planum MP-0, MP-4 and MP-7 show anti-inflammatory activity. During the experiment it was found that the extracts of Eryngium planum showed a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect in experimental formalin edema from the first hour of the experiment in comparison with the control group. The extract of Eryngium planum MP-7 at 1, 3, and 5 hours of the experiment showed antiexudative activity at the level of 16.85 %, 19.80 % and 21.05 %, respectively, which is close to the reference drug diclofenac sodium.
An application was submitted for the useful model "Medicinal and preventive agent with anti-inflammatory activity from plant raw materials" No. u 2022 00922 from 03/09/2022.
The sedative activity of Eryngium planum was studied for the first time and it was found that MP-7 extract (extractant – 70 % ethanol) has the most pronounced sedative effect due to a significant decrease in motor activity in the «Open Field test» and reduction of concern in «Cube tests», «Raised Cross Maze» and "Black and White Camera".
For the first time, places of growth of herb of Eryngium planum have been established in 6 districts of Ivano-Frankivsk and Poltava regions. Phenological observations of Eryngium planum were carried out in natural conditions and on research sites. In order to study the raw material reserves in the Carpathians, the places of growth were analyzed and the quantitative assessment of resources was carried out.
Thanks to phytochemical and pharmacological studies, the possibility of using Eryngium planum as a medicinal plant has been proven. QCM projects for herb of Eryngium planum (Herba Eryngium planum), dry herb extract of Eryngium planum (Eryngium planum extractum spissum) and the Instruction of harvesting and drying of Eryngium planum herb have been developed.
Key words: Eryngium, Apiaceae, herb, extract, medicinal plant, pharmacognostic research, micro- and macroelements, liver, anti-inflammatory activity, hepatoprotective activity, phenolic compounds. Industry - Pharmacy, industrial pharmacy. Branch - Pharmacy, industrial pharmacy.
