The dissertation provides a theoretical generalization and a new solution to the scientific task of establishing the patterns of remodeling of the structures and vascular bed of the large intestine in laboratory sexually mature white male rats in conditions of post-resection portal hypertension and its combination with multiple organ failure. A complex of morphological methods was used to determine the quantitative morphological indicators of the structures of the intestine, its vascular bed on the organ, tissue, cellular and subcellular levels. It was established that laparotomy did not lead to hemodynamic disorders in the portal hepatic vein system, did not change the histostructure of the organ under study.
It was found that resection of the left and right lateral lobes of the liver (58.1 % of its parenchyma) led to post-resection portal hypertension and pronounced hemodynamic changes in the portal hepatic vein system. The quantitative morphological features of the remodeling of the structures of the colon’s membranes and its vascular bed in post-resection portal hypertension have been elucidated. It has been established that with post-resection portal hypertension, there are uneven, disproportionate changes in the spatial characteristics of the colon membranes, the relationship between them is disturbed, and the relative volume of damaged epitheliocytes increases. The wall of mostly small-caliber arteries thickens significantly, their lumen narrows, the Kernogan index decreases, the number of damaged endotheliocytes increases, and nuclear-cytoplasmic relations are disturbed in them. It was established that a month after the resection of 58.1 % of the liver parenchyma in the colon linings, expansion, congestion of venous vessels, deformation of their lumen, foci of hypertrophy, dystrophy, necrobiosis of epitheliocytes, destructive changes in vascular endotheliocytes, stromal structures, the appearance of lymphoid-histiocytic infiltrates and stroma growth. It was found that post-resection portal hypertension significantly changes the angioarchitectonics and the structure of the vessels of the hemomicrocirculatory channel of the large intestine. which is characterized by pronounced narrowing of the supply (arterioles, precapillary arterioles), exchange (hemocapillaries) links of the hemomicrocirculatory channel and expansion, deformation of postcapillary venules and venules, venous congestion, hypoxia, dystrophy, necrobiosis of cells and tissues. It was found that long-term post-resection portal hypertension leads to a pronounced morphological restructuring of the structures of the colon membranes at all levels of their structural organization, disturbances local immune protection of the mucous membranes, and the degree of manifestation of the detected morphological changes is different in them and dominates in the combination of post-resection portal hypertension with multiple organ failure.
