Muliarchuk A. Fertility of gray forest soil and productivity of winter wheat with the use of traditional and modern types of fertilizers

The dissertation provides a theoretical generalization and practical substantiation of the effectiveness of traditional and modern types of fertilizers under different fertilization systems and their impact on the potential fertility of gray forest soil and the productivity of winter wheat in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. It was determined that the most optimal parameters were formed under mineral triple (N150Р90К150), organo-mineral double (12 t cattle manure per 1 ha of crop rotation area + (N100Р60К100) and organic (12 t/ha crop rotation area cattle manure) fertilization systems, where the value of soil hardness approached the optimal indicators for the cultivation of winter wheat and amounted to 14.4 - 15.1 kg/cm2. The tendency to acidification of the arable layer of the gray forest soil under the mineral fertilization system with the use of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers from single (N50Р30К50), to double (N100Р60К100) and triple (N150Р90К150) was determined, where a moderately acidic and strongly acidic reaction was established and a decrease in the values of the sum of absorbed bases from 7 .0 m-equiv./100 g of soil for a single dose (N50Р30К50) to 6.0 m-equiv./100 g of soil for a triple dose (N150Р90К150) according to the control parameters – 6.8 m-equiv./100 g of soil . Under the mineral fertilization system, the content of total humus increases (from 1.15 to 1.21%), while a clear tendency to decrease its amount is observed as the dose of mineral fertilizers increases. The highest content of total humus - 1.38% was determined for the organic fertilization system of 12 t/ha of the crop rotation area of cattle manure. The introduction of OMBD - 4-4-4 and organics under the renewable fertilization system had the greatest impact on the process of carbon dioxide emissions. The highest level of carbon dioxide emission at the level of 551 mg/m2/h was obtained by applying organic-mineral bioactive fertilizer of the organic brand in a dose of 2 t/ha against a background of straw. The highest level of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen was found when applying 12 t/ha of cattle manure + N100Р60К100 63.7 mg/kg of soil and 68.4 mg/kg when using a biologized organic fertilization system of 12 t/ha of manure against the background of straw and biodestroyer. Systematic application of organic and mineral fertilizers ensures the content of mobile phosphorus compounds in the gray forest soil at the level of 227–281 mg/kg organic and mineral fertilizers, 224–246 mg/kg organic, and 220–262 mg/kg mineral, which corresponds to high and very high level of provision of Р2О5. The highest yield was achieved under the organo-mineral fertilization system, which included 12 t/ha of the crop rotation area of cattle manure +N100Р60K100 against the background of foliar application of chelate fertilizer - 5.67 t/ha with an increase compared to the control without fertilizers - 2.36 t/ha ha, or 72%. With the introduction of 12 t/ha of cattle manure and a halved dose of N50P30K50 mineral fertilizers, the increase decreased to the level of 1.69 t/ha (57%). By applying OMBD - organic at a dose of 2 t/ha against the background of pea straw and foliar fertilizing with humate, the highest yield was achieved, which was 5.18 t/ha, and was close in yield to the introduction of by-products of the predecessor together with biodestroyer + N30 and foliar by fertilizing with humate, which was 5.08 t/ha with an increase compared to the control – 1.40 t/ha, or 38%. For traditional fertilization systems, the highest level of profitability of 171 and 189% was determined for organic 6 and 12 t/ha of the crop rotation area of cattle manure, and for the renewable OMBD system – 4-4-4 –1 t/ha and 0.5 t/ha + N40 181 and 162%, respectively.