The dissertation is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of the
functioning and stability of the field protection forest strips of the Right Bank
Forest Steppe under the conditions of agricultural intensification, anthropogenic
influence and global warming.
The structure of the field protection forest strips of the right-bank foreststeppe was determined in terms of structure and species composition. The possible
agricultural impact of agricultural intensification measures on the state of field
protection forest strips has been established. A comparative analysis of the main
and auxiliary field protection forest strips was carried out according to indicators
of their ecological condition. A bioindicative manifestation on the leaves of trees
of field protection forest strips, caused by the impact of agricultural intensification
measures, was established. Species of trees of field protection forest strips have
been identified, observation of which will allow establishing environmental
pollution caused by specific types of cultivated crops. The level of degradation of
the tree-shrub-herbaceous vegetation of field protection forest strips, caused by the
influence of specific types of crops grown near them, was established. A
comparison of scientifically based biometric parameters of field protection forest
strips with actual ones was made; The indicators of the resistance of the species of
field protection forest strips to atmospheric gas and dust pollution were analyzed.
Measures to optimize the functioning of field protection forest strips and control6
their ecological condition have been determined.
The dissertation presents a solution to an important scientific problem -
increasing the effectiveness of field protection forest strips in relation to the impact
on the productivity of agroecosystems; directions of observation of bioindicative
reactions of the main species of trees and priority measures to optimize the state of
such plantations are determined. The dissertation contains a theoretical justification
and an experimental solution to the problem related to the effective functioning of
field protection forest strips in the conditions of intensive agriculture of the Right
Bank Forest Steppe. It is aimed at detecting environmental pollution caused by
agricultural activities and improving the condition of field protection forest strips.
It was established that in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe, more
than half of all field protection forest strips are dense in structure, characterized by
a smaller positive impact on the adjacent agroecosystems. At the same time, the
most effective forest strips by design are blowing ones, which make up only 14%
of all main and 50% of auxiliary forest strips. Common maple and common ash are
the main species of field protection forest strips of the right-bank forest-steppe,
which have been intensively used for field protection breeding since ancient times.
It was determined that plowing the edges of the field to the outermost row of
trees is most often 1.5 m for the main field protective forest strips and 1.0 m for the
auxiliary field protective forest strips, although this distance can vary from 0.5 to
10.0 m. Among all studied field protective forest strips 25.0-28.6% of the forest
belt had no field roads. Other field protection forest strips had field roads with an
average width of 3.0-4.0 m. The projection of the crown of the outer row of trees
of the forest strip protruding above the field can be 1.0-12.0 m, most often - 7.0-8.0
m.
The main factors influencing the technologies of cultivation of agricultural
crops on the ecological condition of field protection forest strips are the main7
tillage of the soil, the application of mineral fertilizers, synthetic pesticides, growth
regulators and other drugs.
It has been proven that the main field protection forest strips perform much
more nature protection functions than the auxiliary forest strips, which causes them
to be more oppressed compared to the auxiliary ones. In particular, in the main
field protection forest strips, the share of felled trees was 6.6% higher than in
auxiliary ones, the share of dry trees was 1.2% higher, drying trees were 0.9%
higher, the share of trampled vegetation was 2.3% higher, which in aggregate
increased the fire danger in the main field protection forest strips by 4.1%
compared to auxiliary ones. Also, all the main field protection forest strips were
littered with solid household waste.
