For the first time, in the conditions of sufficient moisture of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine, the high efficiency of long-term use of alternative fertilization systems in increasing the productivity of sugar beet was established. It has been proven that the application of mineral fertilizers, straw and green mass of white mustard forms a high level of natural fertility of the leached black soil and ensures the obtaining of stable yields of sugar beet.It was improved the system of fertilization of sugar beet by carrying out foliar fertilizing with nanosilicon microfertilizer and boron.It was further developed the issue of alternative organic-mineral fertilization of sugar beet in the link with peas; the issue of micronutrient nutrition of sugar beet.It was found that in terms of the effect on the state of soil humus, the use of straw + green manure + N90P60K90 for 17 years was not inferior in effectiveness to the traditional manure-based organic-mineral fertilization system. It stabilized the humus content in the arable 0-30 cm layer of leached chernozem at the level of 4.05% with an advantage over the control without fertilizers of 0.10%, which corresponds to an annual increase in humus reserves in the soil by 0.21 t/ha.It was investigated that organic-mineral fertilization systems created more favorable conditions for the phosphorus regime of the soil: when applying 40 t/ha of manure and N90P60K90, the content of mobile phosphorus in the arable layer of the soil in the spring was 145 mg/kg, green manure and N90P60K90 – 140, straw, green manure and N90P60K90 – 142 with an excess of control without fertilizers – by 45, 34 and 36 mg/kg of soil. The content of mobile phosphorus remained stable in the soil throughout the growing season.It was found that the combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers significantly improved the conditions of the potassium regime of the leached chernozem. With the application of 40 t/ha manure + N90P60K90 the content of mobile potassium in the soil layer 0-30 cm at the time of sowing was 104 mg/kg, green manure + N90P60K90 – 93, straw + green manure + N90P60K90 – 97, exceeding the control without fertilizers – by 28, 17 and 21 mg/kg of soil. At the end of the growing season, the content of mobile potassium in the soil decreased by 11-28% compared to the spring period.The research results showed that organic-mineral fertilization systems increased the accumulation of moisture in 1 m of the soil layer compared to the application of mineral fertilizers by 18-22 mm and ensured its effective use by sugar beet plants. With the application of straw + green manure + N90P60K90 the moisture consumption for the formation of 1 ton of biological harvest was 264 m3 with a decrease to the background of mineral fertilizers - by 26 m3, control without fertilizers - by 154 m3.
It was established that under conditions of sufficient moisture, the highest productivity of sugar beets was provided by organic-mineral fertilization systems. When applying 40 t/ha of manure and N90P60K90, the yield of roots was 79.6 t/ha,
sugar content – 18.2%, sugar collection – 14.5 t/ha, straw + green manure + N90P60K90 – respectively 70.3 t/ha, 18.2% and 12.8 t/ha. The alternative fertilization system was inferior to the traditional one based on manure in terms of yield - by 9.3 t/ha, sugar collection - by 1.7 t/ha, but significantly outperformed other fertilization systems.
It was found that foliar feeding of sugar beets in phase 6-8 and repeated in phase 10-12 leaves with silicon at a dose of 0.7 l/ha and boron at a dose of 1 kg/ha on the background of N90P60K90 increased the yield of roots - by 6.4 t/ha, sugar content - by 0.3%, sugar collection - by 1.3 t/ha with absolute values - 68.3 t/ha, 18.8% and 12.7 t/ha, respectively.
The research results established that the combined application of 40 t/ha of manure and N90P60K90 formed extended reproduction of the nutrient regime of leached chernozem at the intensity of nitrogen balance - 223%, phosphorus - 400%, potassium - 204%. The application of straw + green manure + N90P60K90 for 17 years was inferior in efficiency to the traditional organic-mineral fertilization system and was accompanied mainly by a balanced balance of nutrients in the soil with a nitrogen balance intensity of 102%, phosphorus - 200%, potassium - 97%. It was established that the highest economic and energy efficiency of growing sugar beets in conditions of sufficient moisture was achieved with the combined application of straw, green mass of white mustard and N90P60K90. The specified fertilization system provided a profit of UAH 49,090/ha, profitability - 58%, energy efficiency coefficient - 5.5 with an increase in profitability compared to the control without fertilizers - by 34%, Kee - by 0.6. Carrying out two foliar feedings with silicon and boron in the phase of 6-8 and 10-12 leaves increased the profitability of growing sugar beets by 13%, Kee - by 0.1-0.2.
