The dissertation is devoted to the solution of an important scientific and
practical task in the field of civil safety, namely, increasing the efficiency of
responding to emergencies of a man-made nature as a result of a fire at an oil storage
facility through the optimal selection of forces and means for cooling nearby tanks.
The introduction provides a general description of the dissertation work. The
relevance of the dissertation topic is substantiated, the purpose of the work and the
main tasks of the research are formulated, the connection of the work with scientific
programs is shown. The data on the personal contribution of the acquirer, approval of
the work and publications are given.
In the first chapter, SAFETY IN OIL TANK STORAGES AND METHODS
OF PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF AN EMERGENCY SITUATION, an analysis
of literary sources was carried out, as a result of which it was determined that the
main place of storage of oil and oil products is tank farms. Above-ground tanks,
namely, vertical steel tanks, are mainly used to store oil and oil products. Economic
considerations and technological necessity lead to the enlargement of tanks and their
compact placement. This, in turn, has a negative impact on the safety of tank farms.
Emergency situations in tank farms have a domino effect, when one accident
becomes the basis for other accidents. In the conditions of full-scale Russian
aggression against Ukraine, tank farms have become one of the targets of attacks on
energy infrastructure. They came under the attack of artillery, cruise and ballistic
missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles. Damage to tanks and other technological
equipment usually resulted in a fire. As a result, fires became the main type of
emergencies that occurred in tank farms. The primary task of operational and rescue
units is the localization of an emergency situation, which is achieved by cooling the
burning tank and neighboring tanks. At the same time, it is important to determine
the necessary amount of forces and means for supplying water to cool the tanks. An
insufficient amount of forces and means or their inefficient use can lead to an
explosion or ignition of nearby tanks.
In the second chapter, MODEL OF TANK HEATING UNDER THE
THERMAL INFLUENCE OF A FIRE IN AN ADJACENT TANK, the assumption
is substantiated and a model of the heating of the wall of the oil product tank under
the thermal influence of a fire in the adjacent tank is built. The model takes into
account the radiant heat exchange of the outer surface of the tank wall with the torch
and the environment, the inner surface of the wall with the inner space; convection
heat exchange with the surrounding air and steam-air mixture in the gas space of the
tank. The model can be used to predict the consequences of an emergency situation
caused by a fire of a flammable liquid in a vertical steel tank. In the third chapter, MODEL OF TANK COOLING UNDER FIRE
CONDITIONS, a model of cooling the tank with water under fire conditions was
built, and an experimental verification of the model was carried out. The heat balance
equation for the wall of a tank with an oil product when it is cooled by water in the
event of a fire in a nearby tank is constructed. The equation takes into account the
radiant heat exchange of the wall with the torch, the environment and the internal
space of the tank; convection heat exchange with a water film and steam-air mixture
in the gas space of the tank. It is shown that the water flowing down the wall is the
main factor in its cooling.In the fourth chapter, RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE
EFFICIENCY OF FIRE LOCALIZATION IN AN OIL TANK, variants of the
implementation of the models and algorithms developed in the work are considered.
An algorithm for determining the optimal intensity of water supply for cooling the
tank wall has been developed. The above algorithm is based on the dichotomy
method. For each iteration of the algorithm, the width of the range, which contains
the optimal value of the intensity of water supply, decreases by a factor of 2.
1. For the first time, the problem of optimal selection of forces and means for
supplying water for cooling the walls and roof of the tank adjacent to the one that is
burning was set and solved. At the same time, the optimization criterion is the
minimum water consumption or the minimum personnel involved, or tank trucks, and
the limitation is the cooling of the wall and roof of the tank to a safe temperature.
2. The model of cooling the walls and roof of the tank with water in conditions
of fire in the neighboring tank has been improved. The model is based on the heat
balance equation for the wall or roof and the heat balance equation of the water film
flowing over it.
