The dissertation study solved an essential scientific and technical task under the theme: an effective adhesive additive to road petroleum bitumen from liquid products of coal coking (coumarone-indene fraction (CIF)). The experience of domestic and international scientists and industry representatives in the application and development of new and various road bitumen modifiers was analyzed. Based on the review of scientific and patent literature, the direction of research is proposed. Modern and existing standard methods of research of bitumen, their modifiers, and adhesive applications, asphalt concrete mixtures have been developed. The main parameters and composition of the raw materials: wide and narrow coumaroneindene fractions, were obtained at PJSC «YUZHKOKS» (Kamyanske, Ukraine); two samples of BND 70/100 bitumen were selected at PJSC «Ukrtatnafta» ( Kremenchuk, Ukraine) and granite crushed stone (fr. 5-20 mm, fr. 20-40 mm), selected at «Mokryansky stone quarry No. 3» LLC (Zaporizhia, Ukraine) were determined. The goal of this work is achieved by co-oligomeric carbocation of a narrow CIF (boiling point of 140-190 °C) in the presence of carbazole and TiCl4 as a catalyst to obtain coumarone-indene-carbazole resin (CICR), which, when added to road petroleum bitumen, significantly improves their adhesive properties.
It was established that the quality of CICR and bitumen modified by it is significantly influenced by the conditions of distillation after synthesis of the resin of unreacted raw materials. The removal of unreacted raw materials from the cooligomerized product must be carried out at 150 °C and 25 mm Hg in order to ensure the numerical values of the qualitative characteristics of modified bitumen meet regulatory documents' requirements. It was established that the variable conditions (factors) that can be used to influence the process of catalytic co oligomerization of narrow CIF and carbazole and that determine the depth of transformation of raw materials and the quality of target products are: the amount of modifying agent (carbazole) in the raw material, the amount of catalyst in the reaction medium, temperature, duration. In the course of the synthesis of CICR, by changing the value of the studied factor with fixed others, conditions were established in which it is possible to obtain CICR with the necessary characteristics: the content of carbazole in the raw material is 10,0-20,0 % wt. Starting resin-forming components (styrene, coumarone, indene); the amount of catalyst in the reaction medium is 6,6-7,9 % wt on all resin -forming components (styrene, coumarone , indene , carbazole); temperature - 70-130 °C; duration – 30-60 minutes. An adequate experimental-statistical model was developed based on the influence of factors on the course of co-oligomerization of narrow CIF and carbazole. Based on this experimental statistical model, optimal conditions for this process were found: the content of carbazole in the raw material is 19,50 % wt. On the initial resinforming components, the amount of catalyst in the reaction medium is 8,0 % wt. On all resin-forming substances, the process temperature is 115 °C; the duration of the process is 46 minutes. Carrying out the process under such conditions makes it possible to obtain CICR and bitumen modified by it in the future, which meet the requirements of the standard organization of Ukraine SOU 45.2-00018112-067:2011 «Viscous road bitumens modified with adhesive additives Specifications». The kinetic regularities of the process of obtaining CICR were also investigated, and it was shown that at 70-130 °С and the duration of the process 300-2400 seconds, the average value of the activation energy is 21,16 kJ/mol. By using bitumen modified with coumarone-indene-carbazole resin, an asphalt concrete mixture and corresponding asphalt concrete were prepared, and their quality was analyzed. It has been proven that the modification of road petroleum bitumen grade BND 70/100 with coumarone-indene-carbazole resin in the amount of 1,0 % wt
improves the indicators of water saturation and compressive strength at a temperature of 20 °C, which indicates a longer period of use and better operational properties of modified hot asphalt concrete, compared to unmodified. Based on the results of the research, a basic technological scheme for obtaining modified CICR bitumen was proposed, and the expediency of using the latter in road production was shown. The effectiveness of the developed processes was confirmed by a utility model patent, a hot asphalt concrete test act, and its implementation in the educational process at the National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute».
