Kurbal-Granovska O. Isomorphism and allomorphism of the special language of homeopathy (in the English, Spanish, German and Ukrainian lexicons).

The thesis introduces the definition of the special language of homeopathy (SLH) as a complex structured set of concepts, associated with homeopathic treatment – for the purpose of conveying professional information to specialists and patients. Based on the definitional and componential analysis, the study has identified research units that constitute the tertium comparationis in the comparative analysis in the languages under consideration, which includes: the component composition of the meanings of the compared lexemes, simple, complex, and combined terms to denote a homeopathic or medical concept, type of word formation and criterion of onomasiological structure.It is established that the compared languages are isomorphic in origins of SLH from Latin and Greek terms, prefixoids and suffixoids, in the predominance of the morphological method in the creation of SLH with the use of borrowed affixes with fixed meanings as well as in the use of abbreviations and clipping.Common to the analytical names of homeopathic concepts is the predominance of two-component compounds, which are substantive by the morphological expression of the main word and attributive by the type of semantic-syntactic connections. The prevalence of two borrowed stems and hybrid composites combining exponents of national languages and a borrowed component is isomorphic in the compared languages for the composite formation of SLH.The study has revealed isomorphic sources or input donor spaces of metaphors to designate homeopathic raw materials and diseases associated with homeopathic treatment. Isomorphism testifies to the commonality of conceptualization of primary products and illnesses by the speakers in the compared languages and results in the prevalence of botanical, anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, technical, architectural, and household metaphors in their SLH. The difference of metaphors for the designation of the same homeopathic raw material, based on the partial or complete allomorphism of the components of nominative models, mental spaces and underlying prominent features, indicates sociocultural and cross-cultural differences in the processes of metaphorical nomination in the compared languages. In metaphorical nominations referring to homeopathic plant-based raw materials, which are allophonic in comparative languages, besides denotative meaning, additional semantic nuances exist that overlay the basic meaning and form its connotative, ethnospecific component correlating with the figurative element and indicating the ways of conceptualizing knowledge about plants by different ethnic groups based on their worldview.