The dissertation research is devoted to the analysis of the early stage of the formation of phenomenology as a philosophical direction in the context of German philosophy of the late XIX – early XX centuries. The paper carries out a comprehensive analysis of the prerequisites for the emergence of the phenomenological method, identifies the range of key problems of phenomenological discourse and reconstructs its conceptual apparatus. The study focuses on the analysis of the views of prominent thinkers, in particular F. Brentano, C. Stumpf, A. Meinong and E. Husserl, regarding the nature of consciousness, its intentionality, temporality, as well as the noematic structures that shape the subject's experience. It is shown that they formulated the subject of phenomenology in different ways depending on their concepts of consciousness. Theoretical provisions on the conceptual unity of phenomenological discourse are defined, despite the variety of approaches and variations in the interpretation of basic concepts. It is noted that phenomenology is a natural continuation of the European philosophical tradition, which considers mental phenomena as autonomous objects that cannot be reduced to physical or physiological processes. It is determined that Husserl's works are undoubtedly the main source for any researcher of the history of phenomenology. The reason is not only that Husserl's version of phenomenology is the most recognized and known. The important thing is that Husserl's works stand out for their deep content, essential understanding of problems, originality of judgment and logical constructions that are unparalleled in phenomenological discourse. Particular attention is paid to the method ofphenomenological reduction, its possibilities and limits, as well as the concept of the life world in Husserl's phenomenology as a fundamental level of human experience.
Relevance of the research topic. Phenomenology is one of the key currents of philosophy of the XX century, which had a significant impact on humanitarian thinking, the methodology of social and cognitive sciences. The study of its formation in the context of German philosophy of the late XIX – early XX centuries makes it possible not only to comprehend the philosophical origins of the phenomenological method more deeply, but also to outline the boundaries and possibilities of its application. The relevance is also due to the need to rethink such fundamental phenomenological concepts as intentionality, temporality, reduction and the life world in the context of historical and philosophical dynamics.
The object of research is a set of phenomenological concepts of the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. and the range of problems of phenomenology as a theoretical system that covers quite different individual theories.
The subject of the study is the genesis and evolution of phenomenological problems and views of German thinkers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. from the point of view of the formation of philosophical phenomenology and the essence of its main concepts.
The purpose of the study is to determine the range of problems and reproduce the conceptual apparatus of the early stage of the development of phenomenology in the correlation of various phenomenological theories in German philosophy of the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The objectives of the study: to find out the theoretical prerequisites for the emergence of phenomenology in German philosophy in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; to conduct a comparative analysis of the early concepts of phenomenology and theories close to it (A. Meinonga, F. Brentano, K. Stumpf); to investigate the reception of phenomenological discourse within the framework of analytical philosophy; to analyze the conceptual field of intentionality, the concept of temporality and the structure of time-consciousness and the concept of the life world; to consider the formation of phenomenology as a discipline that covers the main problems of consciousness and experience.
Methodological basis: historical-philosophical, hermeneutic and phenomenological methods, as well as methods of comparative analysis of concepts.
