POPEL'NYTs'KA O. Podil in Kiev in XVII - XVIII-th centuries.

Українська версія

Thesis for the degree of Candidate of Sciences (CSc)

State registration number

0402U001539

Thesis Registration Form

0402U001539.pdf

Applicant for

Specialization

  • 07.00.04 - Археологія

21-05-2002

Specialized Academic Board

Д 26.234.01

NAS Institute of Archaeology

Essay

Research is devoted to one of the major periods of development of one Kiev from historical areas, the Podil when it continued to keep functions of the political, economic and cultural city center. In epoch of new time (as well as during Middle Ages) the population of the Podil continued to use self-management under the Magdebourg right, that had as advantage (every possible privileges, a political and economic autonomy), and the lacks which have resulted by end XVIII-to the beginning of XIX century to braking of forward development of the Podil as of the city center and transition of these functions to other city areas, Pechersk and Old Kiev. In work on the basis of new written, archeological and cartographic sources process of formation of city space of the Podil from the end XVI prior to the beginning of XIX centuries and it periodization, and also influence on its dynamics of a complex of subjective and objective factors. The analysis of sources (archival materials and results of archeological studying of the rests of cult and civil constructions, city manors, a water supply system, craft workshops, a street network) allows to establish, that on this time piece development of Podil as city center occurred in three stages, first of which (the end XVI in 1651) was characterized by presence of developments of stagnation in all spheres of city life caused by influence of negative factors of political and economic character: rivalry of voyevodskoy and magistratskoy administrations for economic spheres of influence in city, constant military attacks, epidemics, fires. During the second period (1651 - 1718), on a background of the common stabilization of the Ukrainian politics and economy, there was a gradual rise in all spheres of public life of the Podil: the amount of inhabitants has increased, which beginning is active to occupy territories of the former suburbs becoming "reserve" for accommodation of "superfluous" urban population; process of actual connection of suburbs to city was made finally out by construction in 1740 for protection as Podil and territories for Glubotchitskiy stream so the new northern strengthening and creation of the uniform street network which have united the Podil with suburbs. From the end of XVII century the quantity of monumental constructions (mainly cult) is increased, the street network proceeded to develop. In the beginning of the third period (1718 - 1811) territory of the central sites of Podil after a fire of 1718 was cardinally re-planned, therefore the main city area was expanded, the sizes of a manor of the Bratskiy monastery are increased, former lanes are expanded to the size main and new small streets are laid. With 1740 - 1750-s on Podil the centralized water pipe is created and construction of brick civil buildings, which, however, even in the beginning of XIX century made insignificant interest in the general city building, becomes more active. Developments of stagnation in city life (caused by obsolete forms of magistratskiy managements and shop craft) promoted that since 1770-th. Podil gradually starts to lose the preponderant positions in the city life, 1811 finally lost after a fire, destroyed building and a medieval street lay-out. The territory of Podil in the beginning of XVIII century has actually left for frameworks so-called " a Podilsk triangle " (within the limits of which it was all previous centuries) and has captured the most part of Podilsk lowland, switching and the sites, which are taking place for Glubotchiskiy stream. In second half XVI - XVIII centuries of border of Podil were limited to a line of city strengthening which for this time it is significant evolutionazed from a primitive palings up to wooden walls with towers (XVII century) and earthen strengthening (XVIII century). Administratively the territory of Podil up to middle of XVII century consists from several juridical districts, mainest of which were magistratskiy and zamkovaya territories, and also " Biskupskoe mestechko ", everyone having the own administrative and trading centers. With second half XVII century, with liquidation of two last judicial districts, dominant becomes magistratskaya, main which territorial unit up to the end XVIII in. (introductions of division into city quarters) was church parafia. Main unit of city building was the manor (civil, monastery, church) which structural elements were inhabited and economic constructions. In XVII - beginning of XIX centuries the layout of an average manor and its constructions becomes complicated, and also the assortment of the last extends. Practical value of the dissertation consists in introduction in the scientific reference over 200 sources, which were earlier not published. Author's conclusions and analytical development can be used at drawing up of training courses after a history of Ukraine and Kiev, a spelling of textbooks, studying and attribution architectural and archeological monuments.

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