Onyschenko G. Lingual Structure of Ukrainian Folk Riddle (Semantic and Syntactic Aspects).

The objects are the texts of the Ukrainian riddles. The aim is to find out of constitutive tags of a lexical and syntactical constitution of the text of a riddle as integrated dialogical structure, which one integrates a figurative part and answers to the riddle. The methods are the system lexical-semantic and cognitive analysis, syntactical description with application of a method of transformation, rephrasing, quantification. It has been established that a Ukrainian folk riddle is a linguocultural minitext. Being an independent folklore piece, a riddle is characterized by a definite topic chosen, an object of the riddle proposed, a denotate the minitext is devoted to; a laconic and paradoxical content and a clear syntactical structure. Textual integrity of a riddle is maintained by the coherence of the figurative part of a riddle and the answer to it. Textual nomination of a riddle is the type of the utterance in which the heuristic understanding of some object or phenomenon is encoded. Riddle textual nomination combines a figurative part and an answer / answers to the riddle. Syntactic structure of a riddle can be revealed only when compared with a dialogic unity. It has been proved that a riddle text, as well as a dialogic unity, consists of two parts closely connected by the content. It has been established that the figurative part of a riddle as well as the first cue of a dialogic unity is formed by syntactically complex sentences while the answer to a riddle may contain one-word or two-word sentences and sometimes extended sentences. Sphere of use is the training courses.