Kuz'minets' O. Economic and biological estimation of perspective apple cultivars in a parental-cutting garden

Objects of the researches are 20 apple cultivars of the inland and foreign breeding in the parental-cutting garden (model of the Institute of Horticulture), nursery and fruit-bearing orchard. Purpose is establishment of the peculiarities of perspective apple cultivars growth and productivity in the parental-cutting garden, improvement of the elements of the technology for growing of the orchard of this type and substantiation of the economic efficiency of producing the modern cvs cutting material in it. Methods are field, laboratory- field, laboratory, statistical ones and those of least squares and multifactorial experiment. Novelty lies in the fact that for the first time economic and biological properties of spread inland and foreign apple cultivars have been studied in the parental-cutting garden under the conditions of the Ukraine's Northern Lisosteppe. The author has determined those cultivars productivity, the optimal degree of the mother trees pruning, quality of cuttings, resistance againstfungous diseases, frost-resistance, labour-capacity of the crown treatment and cuttings preparation. The apple cuttings tissues electrical resistance (impedance) during the inoculation period and at the beginning of winter has been established and on this basis the degree of their maturity in the parental garden has been investigated. The empirical dependence of the change of the impedance of the one-year accretion different parts on its length has been determined for the first time. The apple cuttings frost-resistance in the parental garden has been studied according to the first-third winter-hardiness components. The dissertant has continued the investigation of the influence of the buds distribution on a shoot on the degree of their development before the beginning of the inoculation and on the planting trees quality in the nursery. The empirical nature of the planting trees growth intensity during the vegetation period has been established. The author has improved the methods of the determination of thevegetative buds volume and established for the first time the optimal value of the factors under which the high degree of their development is achieved. Theoretical and practical results. The nature of the perspective apple cultivars growth and development as well as their productivity (0.6-1.6 mln auxiliary buds/ha) in the parental-cutting garden has been determined. The dissertant has proved that the trees pruning with leaving a long stub (10-12 cm) increases the mother plants productivity (by 5-20%) and the cutting quality. The range of the apple cuttings electrical resistance values during the inoculation (20-40 kilohms) and at the end of the vegetation periods (60-80 kilohms) has been established. The author has determined the degree of the buds development on cuttings using the methods which she has herself improved. The degree depends on the vigour of the cultivar growth and activity of growth processes. The length and number of nodes on future shoots have appeared not to depend on the amount of primary leaves formed in cuttings buds before the inoculation period. The conditions of the buds formation on a shoot do not effect significantly on the obtained planting trees growth. Parental cutting gardens cover fast expenses on their establishment and treatment, ensure high profits (20-86 thus. gryvnyas/ha), mare it possible to save surface of land, time and labour resources for the cuttings preparation. The results of the researches are used in the education process and investigation work. The branch is agriculture.