Bol'shoj D. Hygienic value of toxicokinetic, toxicodynamic and biotransformation features of small dozes of mercury

The analysis of the literature data, monitoring of different of the environmental objects, hydrobionts, foodstuff, experimental and clinically analyses is carried out. It is shown, that in modern conditions the chemical danger connected to mercury is caused by a significant variety of forms, exposition mainly with small dozes and concentrations. Toxicokinetic features of mercury in organism of experimental animals are investigated. It is shown, that toxicodynamic of mercury in experimental animals carries a dosodepended character. Distinctions between organic and inorganic forms of mercury are more significant, than between different inorganic compounds among themselves. Organic forms of mercury caused activation both enzymatic and nonenzymatic POL with more expressed oppression of activity marker enzymes. Materials of the carried out researches allow to attribute that to a category of small dozes and concentration of mercury belong such levels, that are lower than thresholds of chronic action and aredetermined with the help of system of chemical (mercury blood and urine levels) and biological markers (the contents of free SH-groups, metalothioneins, POL, activity of enzymes GAOS, SOD, etc.). They reflect a complex of functional changes in organism which set can be integral characterized as "micromercurialism". These biomarkers can be used for the purposes of hygienic standardization, estimation of a health state exposed by mercury contingents of the population, and also at carrying out of treatment-and-prophylactic and rehabilitation actions. On the basis of the carried out researches results perfection existing and development of new methods of mercury small dozes definition in the hygienic significant forms, and also metalothioneins is carried out. It is confirmed with patents of Ukraine № 60439 from 15.10.2003 and № 4328 U from 17.1.2005, and is included in Methodic Instructions МВ 10.1-115-2005 "Definition of the mercury contents in the industrial, environment and biological objects", authorized by Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine.