Mardimasova E. Details of the ekological-reclamative state of draining lands of the Kyiv region in different conditions of their use

Thesis for the degree of Candidate of Agricultural Sciences on speciality 06.01.02 - agricultural ameliorations. - Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Amelioration of the UAAS - Kyiv, 2009. On the basis of systemic approach to the estimation of parameters of morphological-genetical, physical, physical and chemical and chemical properties of the draining peat soils, research of composition and quality of drainage water, analysis of changes of vegetative cover and soil biota, detals of ecological - reclamative state of the draining lands of the Kyiv region at the various directions of their use are revealed. As a result of complex research it was established, that drainage and the agricultural use of peat soils of flood plain of Trubizh river changed their water-physical parameters as compared to the un drained analogues: on plots under pasture the density of soil substantially increased, capillary and total moisture capacity, total porosity of soil diminished, under hayfields these changes were less noticeable. The physical properties of soils of Irpin high-water bed did not undergo material changes depending on their use and with the depth the physical parameter transformation processes go out. The use of the draining peat soils during many years under tilled crops resulted in substantial dispersion of dipper most (0-10 cm) layer of soil and the probability of manifestation of erosive processes. The tendency of peat soils acidulation of Irpin' flood plain in autumn period is noted. According to the data of water extract the toxic salt content in these soils is insignificant. Observation on the quantitative and species composition of soil macrofauna on the variants of the agricultural use showed that the greatest number of "living" are on a pasture in Trubizh flood plain, where the best ecological conditions are ensured for its existence. Research of dynamics of drainage waters showed: the increase of total mineralization, development of euthrophication, rise of ammonium, potassium concentration, increase of рН. The ecocoenotic analysis testifies of deep coenotic changes of primary marsh vegetation under the influence of human economic activity. The participation of meadow species with in marsh phytocenoses increases. Key words: drainage, ecological-reclamative state, physical parameters of soil, soil biota, ecocoenotic analysis, economic efficiency.