Naydyonova O. Biological degradation of chernozems at irrigation

Object - phenomenon of biological degradation in the irrigated chernozems of Ukraine. Purpose - to study changes in the composition and functioning of microbial cenoses of chernozems at irrigation, depending on the quality of irrigation water, the duration and intensity of irrigation, initial soil properties, the structure of crop rotation, as well as systems of fertilizers and applied agronomical melioration techniques. Methods - a long-term stationary field experiments, laboratory microbiological analysis, model-vegetation experience, statistical methods (variance and correlation analysis). Theoretical results - the direction of changes is determined in the states of microbial cenoses of chernozems under the influence of irrigation in different agriirrigational and soil-climatic conditions, the reversibility is shown and the rate of recovery is determined of biological properties of chernozems affected by irrigation. In the period after irrigation an application of various agroameliorative methods to prevent and eliminate displays of degradation in irrigated chernozems is proven. Practical results - the system of biological indicators is proposed that intended for monitoring and evaluation of agro-ecological conditions of irrigated chernozems and determining the extent of their degradation. The system is recommended for organizing and conducting of ecological/ameliorative monitoring of irrigated soil. The obtained results can be used to create an ecological safe system of irrigated agriculture, setting rates of anthropogenic loads on the soil in the irrigation engineering, in assessment of effectiveness of complex of agroameliorative methods in order to protect and improve the fertility of irrigated soils. Novelty - consists in the definitions of the directional change in the state of microbial cenoses of chernozems at irrigation depending on the quality of irrigation water, the duration and intensity of irrigation, the structure of crop rotation, used melioration methods, initial soil properties. The dynamic was traced and pace was determined of recovery of biological properties of ordinary chernozem after the termination of irrigation. The system of biological indicators to assess the agro-ecological conditions of irrigated soils was developed, approved and proposed. The effect was determined of contamination of irrigation water and soil with heavy metals on the development of degradation processes in ordinary chernozem in the region of technogenic pollution. Degree of application - results of dissertation work are recommended for application by the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, by the regional state design-technological centers of soil fertility protection and production quality, administration of agriculture while carrying out ecological/ameliorative monitoring of irrigated soils, derived from irrigation soils and contiguous to them boghara soils. Results of research can be used in educational process as part of teaching disciplines on Soil Science and Soil Microbiology. Field - scientifically-educational and environment protection.