Aleksandrova D. Influence of initial osmotic and temperature conditions on mammalian erythrocyte resistance to hypertonic shock

The research object is hypertonic and mechanical shock of mammalian erythrocytes. The research aim is to study the interaction between the change of initial condition of erythrocytes of different mammalian species under effect of physical-chemical factors (temperature, osmolarity, modificators of cytoskeletal-membrane complex, cryoprotectants) and their resistance to hypertonic shock. The research methods are spectrophotometrical method, light microscopy method for the recording of erythrocyte form change; ionometric method of measuring kalium content derived of mammalian erythrocytes; microhematocrit method; dynamics recording method of erythrocyte hypertonic hemolysis; method of mechanical cell damage; osmometry method for determination of solution osmolality. It was firstly shown that preliminary partial dehydration of mammalian erythrocytes (ox, horse, rat) in the media, containing NaCl and sucrose increased their resistance to the following hypertonic shock (4.0 mol/l NaCl) at 37, 25, 15 and 0°C. It was established that mammalian erythrocytes (rat, horse, human) achieved stable state to hypertonic shock after preliminary dehydration in the media with osmolality 550-800 mOsm/kg. It was established that common factor, enabling to reduce erythrocyte sensitivity of various mammalian species to hypertonic shock in 4.0 mol/l NaCl is medium osmolality of preliminary cell incubation, irrespective of its qualitative composition (NaCl, sucrose, PEO-1500). It was firstly shown that human and rat erythrocytes are the most sensitive to mechanical shock. Dehydration of mammalian erythrocytes in 0.4 and 0.6 mol/l NaCl results in the increasing of their sensitivity to mechanical shock effect.