Tomin A. Sialidases in apoptosis, autoimmune and oncological disorders

Object of the research: apoptosis and efferocytosis in normal conditions and during autoimmunity and oncogenesis. The aim of the work: exploration of glycoprotein and glycolipid desialylation by neuraminidases activated during the apoptosis and by catalytic active antibodies (abzymes), discovered in patients with autoimmune and oncological disorders. Methods: approaches of cellular and molecular biology, biochemical, mathematical statistics. The mechanism of galactose-rich glycoptoteins exposure in apoptotic cells was described. Desialylatin is shown to be caused by caspase-3-activated sialidase enzyme Neu1. Glycolipids are desialylated during the apoptosis as well. Galectin 3 participates in recognition of galactose-rich desialylated glycotops during the efferocytosis process. The abzymes with sialidase activity were discovered in the blood serum of patients with autoimmune (systemic lupus erythematosus) or lymphoproliferative (multiple myeloma) disorders. These abzymes were shown to desialylate the syntetic as well as natural substrates containing sialic acid. Area of use: cellular biology, molecular biology, immunology.