Filipova O. Тhe Research institute of Physics of the Odessa National University named after I.I. Mechnikov: sociocultural history.

Dissertation is devoted to the research of history of the Research Institute of Physics of the Odessa National University named after I.I. Mechnikov. On the basis of the use of archived materials the formation and functioning of the RI of Physics was researched by the author in the context of development of domestic physical science. The main organizational forms of functioning are determined, the role of elucidative, pedagogical and public activity of the scientists of the RIP is considered in the development of physics. The main scientific approaches of the researchers who directly managed the scientific themes or cooperated with the RI of Physics are found out. The scientific activity of E.A. Kirillov became a pre-condition of development of scientific researches in the area of scientific photo in the RI of Physics. His innovative approaches in research work created terms for system researches of problems of luminiscence. The scientist's initiative on the research of an absorption of light in haloid silver allowed E.A.Kirillov to come closer to the problem of nature and mechanism of hidden photographical image, that assisted strengthening of material and technical base of the Institute in future. Modern directions of scientific activity of the Research Institute of Physics of the Odessa National University named after I.I. Mechnikov are considered in the dissertation work, and also a cooperation with scientific and productive establishments both up in country and after her borders. It was succeeded to find out as a result of the conducted analysis, that scientific activity of RI of Physics of presently develops on the followings directions: - fundamental and applied researches of physical and chemical processes which are stimulated by the light in environments, with the purpose of receipt of new pictures of photoinductive processes and creation on their basis of composition photosensitive materials, optical elements and new element base for optoelectronic; - creation of conception of forming of new semiconductor heteronanosystems, which plugs in itself the theoretical and experimental analysis of electronic mediphases processes with the purpose of receipt of effective optical components of devices of new generation; - development of successive statistical theory of the condensed environments, including the question of thermodynamics firmness of crystalline phases and self-congruent from positions of fundamental equalizations of statistical physics going near the theory of the critical phenomena; - theoretical and experimental researches of phase transitions of the first type in unregulated environments: a nanoporous body - gas (steam). - analysis of light wave fronts with the use of methods of interference, holography, speckle-interferometry and singular optics, and transformation of light wave fronts by holographic optical elements; - development of optical methods and devices of non-destructive control and diagnostics difficult physical, technical, biological, ecological and other of the systems.