Mіr M. Will and Self-Deception in the Context of Agency.

The dissertation is devoted to a timely anthropological problem of the will's essence and its role in the life of a human being, which is regarded as a sapient and active creature. The author raises questions about the place for such phenomena as the weakness of will and self-deception in the moral consciousness of a person. Searching for the answers to the raised questions Mir Mohammadi S.M.H. returns both to the classical philosophical works, especially to I. Kant's and M. Scheler's books, and many contemporary ethical, philosophical researches by multiple authors. The point of novelty of the current work is the introduction of Kantian distinction between the notions of the Empirical Will(Willk?r) and the Pure Will(Wille). The distinction between them appears not only in their characteristics but in their postulates also. The pure will possesses three postulates which are related to the pure practical reason while the empirical will does not. Immortality, freedom and the existence of God are three postulates which are analogically related to the Kantian ethics. Indeed, the first, i.e. the empirical will, deals with all sorts of our worldly intentions and low and high desires, while the second, i.e. the pure will, is responsible for the person's longing for the universal intrinsic values, which are discovered by the Pure Practical Reason. If so, there is a close relation between the power of the will and intrinsic values. Intrinsic values, which are plural, are part of furniture of this world. It means that they are real and they should be discovered. Such a fact has been defended that neglecting to discover values never implies that they do not exist. Also, the author distinguishes between the notion of an Agent and the notion of a Person (an integral sapient being searching for the truth). The core of such a distinction is hidden in Scheler's literature. The Concept of Person presented in this research tries to improve the philosophical understanding of human beings. In the light of Scheler's works, which offer a theory of ethics that seeks to establish the dignity of the person, it has been discussed why it is vital to present a new understanding for human beings. This new account rejects all systems. with the implicit material assumption that human beings are basically nothing; they are only logical subjects of rational acts. In this suggestion human beings who have the pure will and its three postulates should not be isolated from God or religion. It has been considered that being an agent is an aspect of being a person; and since the latter implies the creature's striving to define the ought and the best, neither weakness of will nor self-deception can serve as an excuse for any immoral deeds.